The Oil Spill Of Australia - 2316 Words

One of the most significant ongoing source energy is oil. And the source was became depleted , sources more difficult to access and now being exploited. The oil spill was occurred when the Montara was exploded and uncontrolled continued for 74 days. It estimated 400 barrels of oil lost per day and well was killed on November 3, 2009. The first issues came out relating to the causes of the Macondo well blowout, whether the Australian government can prevent a deep water horizon here. However on 21 August 2009, there was oil blowout occurred and attracted a lot of anxiety and attention. There is oil spill flowed into the Timor Sea and became the worst offshore oil spill of Australia’s history. The commonwealth was tried to look into Montara Blowout and tried to monitor by clean up some oils from the surrounding areas in the sea. Government should introduce effective arrangements to ensure petroleum companies fully pay for all cleanup costs, all cost operational and scientific mo nitoring. Moreover, based on the report under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 they were deficient and there is major gap between the application of environment legislation applying to commonwealth waters. Common goods was the self-interest to provide for the basic human needs of everyone makes the whole community flourish. Based on this case, the oil spill made the impact of the physical and Biological environment including the ecological communitiesShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Water Pollution Around Australia1118 Words   |  5 Pages What are the causes of water pollution around Australia? INTRODUCTION Water is a precious resource for Earth and is vital for our survival. 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The ExxonMobil have a long record of service in Australia with some businessesRead MoreSocial, Economic, Political And Environmental Factors Of Globalization1429 Words   |  6 PagesFigure 7. 6 Conclusion 7 Introduction This report will discuss the phenomenon of Globalisation in Australia. The report will analyse the social, economic, political and environmental factors of globalisation in Australia. In these factors will discuss the positives and negatives of each impact. Then an overall conclusion will be made about whether Globalisation is a negative or positive in Australia. Background Globalisation is the process of globalizing, or extending to other or all partsRead MorePetroleum Is A Non Renewable Source Of Energy1526 Words   |  7 Pagesmixture of organic liquids called crude oils and natural gases; petrol occurs naturally in the ground and was formed millions of years ago. (National Geographic Society, 1996) The crude oils and natural gases are extracted by giant drilling machines. Petrol, like coal is a non-renewable source of energy. Non-renewable energy can’t be re-generated within a short span of time and isn’t environmentally friendly as when it is burnt it emits greenhouse gases. The crude oils and natural gases have taken millionsRead MoreSouth Australia And The Environmental Aspect Of The Southern Part Of Australia1362 Words   |  6 PagesTo most, Australia is thought to be mostly an area of sand and dirt roads with kangaroos hoping allover, but in reality it has multiple climates due to the large area. The northern part has a tropical climate, varied between tropical rainforests, grasslands, and part desert. In the south, a temperate climate and discreetly fruitful soil can be found. With a nation active, large and variable as Australia, it may be a learning point for the United States of America. With the legislation andRead MoreBp Australia And The Australian Economy1079 Words   |  5 PagesPetroleum) and its contribution to the Australian economy through a number of sources. The report evaluates how the business is developing amid a number of factors (Internal and external), and possible ways it deals with changes. The main findings of BP Australia: †¢ The company has 7,700 employees †¢ 1,400 BP branded service stations †¢ $4.67 million given in donations and sponsorships †¢ Inclusion of women has slowed down homogeneity †¢ BP supports and provides benefits to local communities from both commercialRead MoreThe Environmental Performance of Chevron in Terms of Fulfilling Social Needs Within Society and Stakeholders1706 Words   |  7 PagesWith annual revenue of US $19.02 billion, Chevron Corporation is the 16th largest integrated oil and gas energy company in the world. Globally they account for a workforce of approximately 62,000 (Forbes 2011). In 2010, the company produced 2.763 million barrels of oil per day (Chevron 2012). Corporations as large as Chevron owe a great amount of responsibility towards the society and environment above and beyond the economic and legal obligations. The industry is strongly linked to environmentalRead MoreWater Pollution and Drinking Water Quality Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesthat can contaminant bodies of water are oil spills, acid rain, and waste run-off from industrial buildings and factories. Oil spills, even though they do not happen that often, can spill millions of gallons of its crude oil cargo into the ocean causing long term damage. The oil spreads out over the surface of the water, creating a deadly coating. It kills fish and animals and washes on shores polluting the beaches, shutting them down to the public. Once the oil has contaminated the water, immediateRead MoreNo Reason For Cry Over Spilt Oil1528 Words   |  7 PagesCRY OVER SPILT OIL? – HEFTY FINES NOW APPLY FOR OFFENCES OF DISCHARGING OIL INTO STATE WATERS UNDER THE MARINE POLLUTION ACT Introduction 1 In Newcastle Port Corp v MS Magdalene the Land and Environment Court of New South Wales (LEC) heard the prosecution of the MS Magdalene for the discharge of 72,000 litres of oil into the Hunter River. While the Marine Pollution Act (NSW) (the MPA) determines that it is strict liability offence for any vessel owner and/or master to discharge oil or an â€Å"oily mixture†Read MoreThe Production Of The Montara Oil Spill1991 Words   |  8 Pagesfuels such as coal and oil has driven the expansion and exploration for oil reserves in many of the worlds oceans including the coast of Western Australia. Whilst there is a strong push toward greener cleaner energy sources, the fossil fuel industry continues to draw on the support of the Australian Government and others, principally, due to the economic benefits and financial rewards for all. Australia has become extremely reliant on both imported and local sources of oil to fuel both commercial

The Tale Of The Canterbury Tale - 2212 Words

â€Å"The Canterbury Tale† has very realistic scenarios that many people can relate too, and struggle with everyday of their lives. This tale talks about the lower class characters who have their struggle just like the high end society. Real life scenarios do not always have logical and organized connections. The human brain has been tested but still cannot manage to understand human kind. In â€Å"The Miller’s Tale† there was a friendship that turned into rivalry. This is a problem that comes from many years ago, and continues till today. Friends lose contact for many reason, and even for other people. We let other people affect us, and let other people manipulate the way we think. People tend to see the negative over the positive. It’s not all bad, love has a major role. Love is manifested in man ways not just in relationships but also the love for money. In the Miller’s Tale, Nicholas sleeps with Alisoun, right under John’s nos e. Alisoun is John’s newly wife and is much younger than he is. Life can teach us a lot of lesion throughout life, no matter what era we re in it seems to be the same cycle. The human kind makes mistakes over and over again. We can never take anyone serious if their actions cannot backup what comes put their mouth. Human relationships are not the easiest to maintain, with one thing being said and seeing other wise; having women and love mixed together play a major role. The role of women in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† were as untrustworthy,Show MoreRelatedCanterbury Tales1291 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Test In The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, each character, such as the Pardoner, Wife of Bath, and the Franklin, epitomizes their spirit and reputation through the tales they tell. The Pardoner uses his tale as a gimmick to make money, because he is a greedy man. The way his tale illustrates each sin, every listener can relate to the three brothers and feel their guilt. The Wife of Bath’s Tale expresses her own values in the way the Knight is given a second chance after raping theRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales832 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, the stereotypes and roles in society are reexamined and made new through the characters in the book. Chaucer discusses different stereotypes and separates his characters from the social norm by giving them highly ironic and/or unusual characteristics. Specifically, in the stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale, Chaucer examines stereotypes of women and men and attempts to de fine their basic wants and needs. In the Miller’s Tale, theRead MoreA Comparison Of The Canterbury Tales And A Knights Tale880 Words   |  4 PagesA Knight’s Tale. Helgeland adapted Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† one of the poems that make up the volume The â€Å"Canterbury Tales†. Not many of the characters from the poem made it into the movie. The only characters that are noticeably in A Knight’s Tale are Arcita, Palamon, and Emily. These characters are represented as William, Count Adhemar, and Jocelyn. The movie is very entertaining. Though the movie itself is good, when it is compared to the plot of â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† it deservesRead MoreMoral In The Canterbury Tales1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales have an ultimate lesson at the end, just as every other literary work does. In some of them, he simply states what it is, or some may have to be inferred. During the time, many social and historical events were taking place, and in some instances, Chaucer chose to base the moral around it. While reading The Canterbury Tales, the audience gets entertainment and a basic knowledge of what life what like through the lessons he presents. All of the tales moralsRead MoreChaucers Canterbury Tales741 Words   |  3 Pagesreference to one of The Canterbury Tales discuss, what means Chaucer uses to create the highly individualized (and often comic) characters and how successful is his creation. The Friar from The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer was a master at creating highly individualized characters who are often comic and realistic at the same time and always have good traits as well as bad ones. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate this ability on the example of the Friar from The Canterbury Tales who is one of theRead MoreCanterbury Tales Analysis841 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer gives a detailed description of what life was like in Medieval times . In the â€Å"Prologue†, the reader comes to better understand the people of the time period through the characters words and actions. Chaucer uses a variety of groups of society to give the reader a deeper insight into the fourteenth century Pilgrims customs and values. Through the Court, Common people and the Church, Gregory Chaucer gives a detailed description of ordinary life in the medieval timesRead MoreThe Guildsmen In The Canterbury Tales882 Words   |  4 PagesThe Guildsmen of The Canterbury Tales Step 1 Prewriting: The Guildsmen were a group of men a part of a labor union. The carpenter, the weaver, the haberdasher, the dyer, and the carpet maker all traveled together due to their similar trades. They did this so they could increase the prices of their good. These men were all very successful in their respective trades. The men dressed in very fancy attire. The Guildsmen were also very proud of how well they treated their wives. Step 2 Prewriting: ThereRead MoreChaucers The Canterbury Tales1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales serves as a moral manual in the Middle Ages. In the tales, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays the problems of the society. For instance, Chaucer uses the monk and the friar in comparison to the parson to show what the ecclesiastical class are doing versus what they are supposed to be doing. In other words, it is to make people be aware of these problems. It can be inferred that the author’s main goal is for this literary work to serve as a message to the people along with changing theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Canterbury Tales 1189 Words   |  5 Pagessuch examples following this concept is The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1478, and Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley 1818. Three characters in The Canterbury Tales (The Wife of Bath, The Pardoner, and The Knight) and The Monster in Frankenstein have developed a talent for successful storytelling, proven by their abilities to engage the audience with their pathos and passion. While storytelling is used differently in The Canterbury Tales (as a method of entertainment) than in FrankensteinRead More Canterbury Tales - Comparison of the Millers Tale and the Knights Tale1638 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of the Millers Tale and the Knights Tale  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   It is common when considering The Canterbury Tales to discuss how some tales seem designed to emphasise the themes of others. Two such tales are the Millers Tale2 and the Knights Tale3. At first glance these two tales seem an incongruous pairing. The Knights Tale is told by an eminent person, is an historical romance which barely escapes a tragic ending, and its themes are universal: the relationship of individuals to providence

Korean Culture vs. Australian Culture Free Essays

Korean and Australian culture seem to have only a few similarities, as Australia is a western country and Korea is an Asian country, and because of the different history, characters of people, and differences In surroundings. However, I am sure that there are a lot of similar features that people in both countries might have overlooked. In this paper, I will focus on finding the similarities and differences tenet Korean and Australian cultures especially In sports, food and humor. We will write a custom essay sample on Korean Culture vs. Australian Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, sport is an example in the side of similarities of the two cultures between Korea and Australia. People In both countries are also extremely enthusiastic sports fans. When they have the Grand Final of the Australian Football competition, thousands of people gather together in the stadium and at public places to watch the game and support their own team. On the other hand, Koreans did not used to watch the games in public spaces or in restaurants before the 2002 World Cup. However, since then, the culture of watching the sports has totally changed. There were huge crowds of people everywhere. Including the public and the street, and they supported the Korean team together. It has become a new trend to get together to support the games of Korean national teams, like in Australia. Second, food, however, falls into the category of cultural difference of two countries. Koreans and Australians have a difference in terms of food. Australian present-day styles of eating are based on their multi-cultural society. Since the post- war immigrants came to Australia, the Australian food has become rich because the immigrants from various European countries brought a wide variety of food – from Italy. Greece and Poland and so mom On the other hand. Korea Is very famous, all over the world, for its unique spicy food. Korea has had success in keeping many kinds of traditional foods alive until today. Many tourists come to Korea because they want to try the food. Normally, Korean foods are also very hot and salty due to lots of different spicy ingredients. Finally, humor Is also In the category of cultural difference between Korea and Australia. The reason is that Australian Humor is very dry. Australians often express their subtle and sarcastic mind through humor. Their humor is also often droll and sometimes black which means they make Jokes that are dark or horrible. Australians often keep a ‘straight face’ when they tell a Joke. Besides, Australians like to laugh at themselves including their character and culture. In contrast to Australians, Koreans normally make Jokes by teasing each other because other people have different mints of view and do not belong to their group. And Korean like ‘slap stick’ comedies, which are also called a ‘sight gag, and ‘physical humor’ that was very banana skin , and so on. It is true that Australia and Korea still have a lot more differences in terms of culture than similarities. Australia and Korea are not close and most people are not acquainted with the other’s culture. But, if we keep an eye on each other’s cultural features, we could have a good opportunity to not only develop our life and culture but also to help develop good relationships between the two countries. How to cite Korean Culture vs. Australian Culture, Papers

bassanio Essay Example For Students

bassanio Essay Why Bassanio Deserves to Win the Casket Testdoes he love her for herself or for the opportunity she offers him torenew his wasted estate? The other main characters are tried byevents; Bassanio only passes a multiple-choice test. Nerissa, making the best of Portias predicament, observes that the right casket will no doubt never be chosen by any rightly but one you shall rightlylove.And as Bassanio hastens to his choice, Portia remarks,If you do love me, you will find me out. We may assume thetests validity as given. But for hostile critics some extratextual evidence ofBassanios worthiness may be necessary. First let us admit thatin the fairy-tale world to which Belmont is often said to belong,the fair ladys fortune is always a given, having no othersignification than a reward for virtue. Let us furtheracknowledge that in the real world of Elizabeth, an impecuniousyoung lord had no choice but to choose his partner from theavailable heiresses. We will entirely miss the point if weapproach this marriage with our post-Romantic notions ofindividual free choice and true love; these are not the ways ofthis world. Among availabe heiresses, Portia is obviously aprecious treasure: high mettled like Brutuss Portia, virtu-ous, beautiful, _and_ rich. Bassanio is no mean catch either:he is a peer of the realm (some thirty times he is LordBassanio, my lord, your lordship, your worship, and yourhonor). But he requires wealth to do justice to his title. MagnificenceAt a time when relationships were everything and moneynothing, Bassanios reckless expenditures, so painful to modernsensibilities, would have been seen as a virtue. He is whatAristotle calls a Great Soul, one who has no attachment toworldly goods, who is fond of conferring benefits on others, forwhom spending money is an art (Magnificence), and who spendsgladly and lavishly, since nice calculation is shabby. _DeOfficiis_ declares that There is nothing more honorable andnoble than to be indifferent to money. For him, money is anon-thing, a drudge for moving goods from one person to another,but never an end in itself. It has no more value than the waterthat carries the merchants cargo, and we should deny no one thewater that flows by.Bassanio is introduced as one who has disabled hisestate/By something showing a more swelling port/Than his faintmeans would grant continuance. In dire financial straits, heexpensively feasts his friends and plans to entertain them with amasque .He undertakes to hold a rival place with Portiasother suitors, both princes, and he therefore brings gifts ofrich value to Belmont.He does not apologize for the noblerate of his expenditures; he trusts his luck. Later on, in another part of _The Merchant_, Jessica echoesBassanios prodigality, when she wastes away her little casket ofgold and jewels at a rate of fourscore ducats a night and tradesher fathers wedding ring for a monkey, just to celebrate hermarriage. And Portia knows precisely what kind of a man she isgetting. Bassanio freely told her, on his first visit toBelmont, that all the wealth he had ran in his veins, thathis state was nothing, but that didnt stop her from issuing asecond invitation. She knows that he is a scholar and asoldier. He has had a good education. His military service isan even better recommendation, for, according to the leadingauthority on the subject, the principal and true profession of aCourtier ought to be in feats of arms. And he is well-connected, too, for he first came to Belmont in the company ofthe Marquis of Montferrat. The Marquisate of Montferratbelonged to the illustrious princely house of Gonzaga. ThreeGonzagas participated in the dialogue of which _The Courtier_consisted, The Lady Elizabeth Gonzaga in the chair. Thus Nerissacan say without reservation, He, of all men that ever my foolisheyes looked upon, was the best deserving a fair lady. On thistopic Cicero quotes Themistocles wishes for his d aughter: Formy part, I prefer a man without money to money without a man.When wealth is subject to fortune, a good man is a better bet. .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .postImageUrl , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:hover , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:visited , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:active { border:0!important; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:active , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Secret Of The Medicine Men EssayPortia has plenty of money; what she lacks is a man. In truth,if Bassanio passes her fathers test, he is as big a catch forher as she is for him. FortuneTo understand the casket test one must imagine some of theconsequences of a living in a highly entropic world. In thefirst line of the play, Antonio says, I know not why I am sosad. The second scene shifts us to Belmont, and Portia says,By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is a-weary of this greatworld. In the beginning, we find the characters on whom the twomain actions hinge, one in Venice and one in Belmont, in a stateof limbo. Antonio knows only that he is about to play a part,and that a sad one. Portia knows only that she is about to besacrificed to the first man who picks up the right casket. Muchmore than it does today, fortune ruled Shakespeares world. Inthese two scenes Shakespeare gives us existential experience ofwhat its like to be helpless in the hands of forces beyond onescontrol. Recognizing the part played by fortune was once a moralimperative. A basic premise of Stoicism is that Fortune controlseverything but ones body and ones will (Epictetus); by givingup any hope of controlling the future and putting will in chargeof body, one can make the best of the options still open. Ourpremise at the end of the 20th century is the reverse. By takingcharge of Fortuneby engaging in scientific and medicalresearch, passing laws, making studies, forecasting naturaldisasters, averting diseases, installing air bags, takingcourses, and preventing warwe can manage to control thedirection of our lives, keep what we earn, and look forward to afull and rewarding career. This is not reality according to _DeOfficiis_, which cries out,Who fails to comprehend the enormous, two-fold power ofFortune for weal and for woe? When we enjoy her favouringbreeze, we are wafted over to the wished-for haven; when sheblows against us, we are dashed to destruction. Antonio explodes: Now, with Antonios lecture to Shylock firmly in mind we areable to decipher the riddle of the caskets. The first twosuitors lose because they are afraid to lose; like Shylock theytake too many pains to assure success. When one begins to relyon outcomes subject to Fortune, according to Seneca, therefollows a life of anxiety, suspicion, and alarm, a dread ofmishap and worry over the changes time brings. This is thedepth of servitude. The overly cautious approach comes throughbest in Arragons deliberations. Who chooseth me shall get asmuch as he deserves, says the silver casket. True, Arragonbethinks himself, there are those who manage somehow to cheat orcozen fortune and get honor without meriting it. Not my case,he thinks. I shall assume desert, he says, and picks thesilver casket, containing, not Portias picture but that of ablinking idiot. It was a foolish mistake, because by assumingdesert he _does_ try to cozen fortune, to force her hand, doingexactly what he has just finished saying shouldnt be done. Ifshe can be cozened, she isnt fortune. However much honor may be deserved, one cannot earn it, onecannot honor oneself. Arragon asks for as much as he deservesand gets exactly that much. To offend and judge are distinctoffices, observes Portia, tartly. One cant be a judge in hisown cause. The scroll inside the casket confirms her opinion:Seven times tried that judgment is/That never did choose amiss.Justice is arbitrary and unreliable. Thats why, as Portiareminds us later in the courtroom, In the course of justice/Noneof us should see salvation. Dont ever depend on justice. .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .postImageUrl , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:hover , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:visited , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:active { border:0!important; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:active , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My paper is based on a disability that many Americ EssayMorocco, too, assumes desert, but fixing on the negative side ofArragons argument, that desert is too often unrewarded, chooseswhat looks like a sure thing, the gold casket. Nothing is asgold as gold. The first two suitors try to cozen fortune by decipheringthe clues (the metals and the mottos) on the surface of thecaskets. Portia calls them deliberate fools because they workso hard at destroying themselves. Neither considers the leadcasket; why hazard all for lead? But they worry themselves overthe gold and silver caskets almost as much as Shylock does overthe loan to Antonio. In truth their native hue of resolution/Islike Hamlets sicklied oer by the pale cast of thought.RiskBassanio doesnt agonize over the mottos or the metals. IfPortia hadnt held him back, he would have gone directly to thelead casket. Let me choose, he protests, and later Let me tomy fortune and the caskets. Relishing risk rather than seekingto escape from it, admitting his mortality, realizing that hecannot control fortune, he automatically rejects the security ofthe silver and gold exteriors that seduced his rivals and chooseslead because it threatens. Because he is brave, becausehe does not count his desert s, because he trusts fortune, andbecause he loves Portia, Bassanio is bound to choose the casketmarked, Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath. Tolove is to be ready to do just that.

Marketing Relationship McDonalds

Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park

Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park Mungo Parka Scottish surgeon, and explorerwas sent out by the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa to discover the course of the River Niger. Having achieved a degree of fame from his first trip, carried out alone and on foot, he returned to Africa with a party of 40 Europeans, all of whom lost their lives in the adventure. Born: 1771, Foulshiels, Selkirk, ScotlandDied: 1806, Bussa Rapids, (now under the Kainji Reservoir, Nigeria) An Early Life Mungo Park was born in 1771, near Selkirk in Scotland, the seventh child of a well-to-do farmer. He was apprenticed to a local surgeon and undertook medical studies in Edinburgh. With a medical diploma and a desire for fame and fortune, Park set off for London, and through his brother-in-law, William Dickson, a Covent Garden seedsman, he got his opportunity. An introduction to Sir Joseph Banks, a famed English botanist, and explorer who had circumnavigated the world with Captain James Cook. The Allure of Africa The Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, of which Banks was treasurer and unofficial director, had previously funded (for a pittance) the exploration of an Irish soldier, Major Daniel Houghton, based at Goree on the West African coast. Two important questions dominated discussions about the interior of West Africa in the drawing room of the African Association: the exact site of the semi-mythical city of Timbuktu, and the course of the River Niger. Exploring the River Niger In 1795 the Association appointed Mungo Park to explore the course of the River Nigeruntil Houghton had reported that the Niger flowed from West to East, it was believed that the Niger was a tributary of either the river Senegal or Gambia. The Association wanted proof of the rivers course and to know where it finally emerged. Three current theories were: that it emptied into Lake Chad, that it curved round in a large arc to join the Zaire, or that it reached the coast at the Oil Rivers. Mungo Park set off from the River Gambia, with the aid of the Associations West African contact, Dr. Laidley who provided equipment, a guide, and acted as a postal service. Park started his journey dressed in European clothes, with an umbrella and a tall hat (where he kept his notes safe throughout the journey). He was accompanied by an ex-slave called Johnson who had returned from the West Indies, and a slave called Demba, who had been promised his freedom on completion of the journey. Parks Captivity Park knew little Arabiche had with him two books, Richardsons Arabic Grammar and a copy of Houghtons journal. Houghtons journal, which he had read on the voyage to Africa served him well, and he was forewarned to hide his most valuable gear from the local tribesmen. At his first stop with the Bondou, Park was forced to give up his umbrella and his best blue coat. Shortly after, in his first encounter with the local Muslims, Park was taken prisoner. Parks Escape Demba was taken away and sold, Johnson was considered too old to be of value. After four months, and with Johnsons aid, Park finally managed to escape. He had a few belongings other than his hat and compass but refused to give up the expedition, even when Johnson refused to travel further. Relying on the kindness of African villagers, Park continued on his way to the Niger, reaching the river on 20 July 1796. Park traveled as far as Segu (Sà ©gou) before returning to the coast. and then to England. Success Back in Britain Park was an instant success, and the first edition of his book Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa sold out rapidly. His  £1000 royalties allowed him to settle in Selkirk and set up medical practice (marrying Alice Anderson, the daughter of the surgeon to whom he had been apprenticed). Settled life soon bored him, however, and he looked for a new adventurebut only under the right conditions. Banks was offended when Park demanded a large sum to explore Australia for the Royal Society.​ Tragic Return to Africa Eventually in 1805 Banks and Park came to an arrangementPark was to lead an expedition to follow the Niger to its end. His part consisted of 30 soldiers from the Royal Africa Corps garrisoned at Goree (they were offered extra pay and the promise of a discharge on return), plus officers including his brother-in-law Alexander Anderson, who agreed to join the trip) and four boat builders from Portsmouth who would construct a forty-foot boat when they reached the river. In all 40 Europeans traveled with Park. Against logic and advice, Mungo Park set off from the Gambia in the rainy season – within ten days his men were falling to dysentery. After five weeks one man was dead, seven mules lost and the expeditions baggage mostly destroyed by fire. Parks letters back to London made no mention of his problems. By the time the expedition reached Sandsanding on the Niger only eleven of the original 40 Europeans were still alive. The party rested for two months but the deaths continued. By November 19 only five of them remained alive (even Alexander Anderson was dead). Sending the native guide, Isaaco, back to Laidley with his journals, Park was determined to continue. Park, Lieutenant Martyn (who had become an alcoholic on native beer) and three soldiers set off downstream from Segu in a converted canoe, christened the HMS Joliba. Each man had fifteen muskets but little in the way of other supplies. When Isaaco reached Laidley in the Gambia news had already reached the coast of Parks death – coming under fire at the Bussa Rapids, after a journey of over 1 000 miles on the river, Park and his small party were drowned. Isaaco was sent back to discover the truth, but the only remains to be discovered was Mungo Parks munitions belt. The irony was that having avoided contact with local Muslims by keeping to the center of the river, they were in turn mistaken for Muslim raiders and shot at.

Literacy & Education Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literacy & Education - Annotated Bibliography Example The objective of the No Child Left Behind Act has been received with mixed feeling among the American society. While some support the legislation, others have vehemently opposed it as regards its impacts on schools. According to the author of this book, many people have narrow comprehension of the content and scope of the NCLB. This book lays a platform for better understanding of the contents and operation of the NCLB. No Child Left Behind’s main objective is â€Å"to improve the reading level of American students† (41). In this book, the authors present a research analysis including several countries to demonstrate and justify that higher education levels promotes national income growth. In their bid to ascertain if education quality improves per capita income, they use the data they obtained from each country. According to the authors, high quality education results into low child mortality rate. The authors argue that education quality significantly influences the number of years one stays in school in open economies compared with closed

Management of organisations CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES Essay

Management of organisations CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES - Essay Example Corus was created in 1999 through a merger of British Steel and Koninklijle Hoogovens, a Netherlands-based company. The company was experiencing under-performance and operational problems for a period of time. It needed to change in order to turn-around the whole company and restore its competitiveness. The change was initiated by two business strategies, Restoring Success and the Corus Way Programme, which focused on continuous improvement. It was only after the successful implementation when the company became profitable again. It became attractive that today, it has become a part of the Tata Steel Group. This paper aims at exploring and evaluating the continuous improvement strategies in Corus. It focuses on how Corus used its knowledge and experience of continuous improvement to win new customers and find new ways of achieving its objectives from limited resources. The paper has identified some key environmental, economic and social imperatives that drove the company to implement improvement strategies. It has disclosed several quality tools that the company has utilised in order to improve its business processes and performance. It has also pinned down the system of managing quality in the company's production sites. Several years ago Corus bid for a Royal Navy contract for steel in one of the navy's destroyer vessels project. The project was considered as the largest Royal Navy contract awarded in history. Corus failed to acquire the project because the Royal Navy project consultants established that the company has no capability of meeting the high quality specification of steel plate required. Banking on the loss of the biggest contract, Corus management decided to invest in quality management and improvement of its machinery and processes. It has invested millions in their steel plate mills in order to be ready for any similar contracts in the future. Today, the steel manufacturing company focuses on meeting the needs of its customers and providing innovative solutions. Social Imperative In 2003, three Corus employees and four contractors were fatally injured on Corus sites. All serious incidents were cause for the greatest concern and were thoroughly investigated. Recommendations were being made to prevent recurrence, improve job satisfaction and maximize health and safety. The top management committee continually leads the company's initiatives of improving safety performance. They aim to have a continuous reduction of serious accidents as measured by lost time injury frequency rate. Environmental Imperative As a steel manufacturer, Corus believes that good environmental performance is critical to the success of its business. The company aims to improve such performance continuously. It places great emphasis on contributing to a sustainable society and carry out its business in a responsible manner. The climate change is a significant global issue. Corus recognises its role in contributing to the reduction of the problem of green house gases. Emissions to air and discharges to water were focused for

Mauss, Corin, and Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mauss, Corin, and Freud - Essay Example t† Ellen Corin tends to view Mauss’s concept of ‘person’ in evolution or transition as one that is influenced by the legacy of European hegemonic attitude to the cultures of the non-European country. According to her, Mauss’s historical evaluation of ‘person’ is engrossed with the concept of the â€Å"other’ that bars the European scholars to perceive the ‘person’ of the non European societies as something â€Å"self-interested and self indulgent, and which is determined by outsides references to clans and divinities† (Corin 85). In Mauss’s conception of ‘person’ it is evident that the ‘person’ –which he is concerned with- is different from the concept of person as something â€Å"natural’. Though he does not completely defy the natural definition of ‘person’, he clearly asserts this definition of ‘person’ as unfocused, vague and simplist ic. For Mauss, the definition that tend s to describe ‘person’ as something â€Å"natural, clearly determined in the depth of [human] consciousness† is, as he says at the beginning of the article, â€Å"still imprecise, delicate and fragile, one requiring further elaboration† (Mauss 5). The major steps in evaluation of â€Å"person’ lies in the following speech of Mauss, â€Å"From a simple masquerade to the mask, from a ‘role’†¦ to a ‘person’†¦, to a name, to an individual; from the latter to a being metaphysical and moral value; from a moral consciousness to a sacred being; from the latter to a fundamental form of thought and action- the course is accomplished† (Mauss 22) Whereas Corin tends to view the concept of person from the anthropological desire to â€Å"have access to the Other’s alterity and to transcend to the contingencies and boundaries of †¦..cultural condition† (Corin 81), Mauss’s attempt to view ‘person’ from a socio-historical point is, as Corin criticizes, biased, therefore not absolute, by the cultural hegemony of the author. According to him the

Strategies for Pricing, Promotion and Marketing Analysis

Strategies for Pricing, Promotion and Marketing Analysis Product Cost Literature Review We all are exposed to marketing in one or the other form everyday. Every time we buy or use a product, go window shopping, watch an advertisement, find a new product or someone telling about it. Marketing outputs are very familiar and are not as narrow as people generally know. Marketing is not just advertising, selling or making people buy things they want or they don’t. Marketing infact covers a wide range of absolutely essential business activities that bring us the products we want them, when we want them, where we want them, with all information. (Kotler P and Keller K, 2006) â€Å"Marketing is the management process that is responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably†. (CIM, 2001) â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchange and satisfy individual and organisational objectives†. (AMA, 1985) A definition that includes the important elements of both the AMA and CIM definitions, but still embraces the evolving relationship orientation is offered by Gronroos (1997). â€Å"Marketing is to establish, maintain and enhance relationship with customers and other partners at a profit, so that the objectives of the partners, at a profit, so that the objectives of the parties involved are met. This is achieved by mutual exchange and fulfilment of promises†. (Gronroos C, 1997) Marketing management is the act and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping and growing customers through creating, delivering and communicating superior customer value. (Kottler.P , Keller.K 2006) Marketing is a management process. Marketing involves management skills, requires planning, analysis, resource allocation, control and investment in terms of money, skilled people and physical resources. It also requires implementation monitoring and evaluation. Marketing fulfills customer requirement profitably Marketer has to work within the resource capabilities of the organisation and specifically work within the agreed budgets and performance targets set for the marketing function. Marketing identifies and anticipates customer requirements. Marketer creates some sort of offering only after researching the market and pinpointing exactly what the customer want. Marketing is about giving customers what they want It implies a focus towards the customer or end consumer of the product or service. (Kotler P and Keller K, 2006) Marketing offers and exchanges ideas, goods and services. The idea of marketing is an exchange process, organisation offers a product or service and the customer offers a sum of money in return. (Brassington F and Pettit S, 2006) Marketing deals with identifying and meeting human and social needs, one of the shortest definitions is â€Å"meeting needs profitably†. (Kotler P and Keller K, 2006) Marketing management tasks Capturing marketing insights Developing marketing strategies Connecting with customers Shaping the market offerings Delivering value Communicating value Creating long term growth (Kotler P and Keller K, 2006) The marketing mix is one of the dominant ideas in modern marketing. Marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. The many possibilities gather into 4 P’s. They are Product, Price, Place and Promotion. â€Å"The set of controllable tactical marketing tools– product, price, place and promotion- that blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Marketing Mix Variety Advertising List price Channels Quality Promotions Discounts Coverage Design Personal selling Allowances Assortments Features Publicity Payment period Locations Brand name Direct selling Credit terms Inventory Packaging Transport Services Warranties Target Market (Kotler et al, 2001, p98) THE 4 Ps of Marketing The four strategies of the marketing mix (product, price, promotion and place) are interconnected. The marketing mix is one of the dominant ideas in modern marketing. Action in one affects decisions in another. It is the set of controllable tactical marketing tools that blends to give or meet the market needs. Target population must be first selected and then the strategies are applied towards. Marketing mix consists of everything that can influence the demand of the product. PRODUCT- Product can be a tangible object or a service offered by a company to the target market. A product can be any physical object, services, person, places, organisation and ideas that are offered to a market for acquisition, attention, consumption or use that satisfies the customer needs or wants. There are different product levels depending on the customer value hierarchy, they are; core benefit, basic product, expected product, augmented product, potential product. PRICE – Price is the amount of money charged for a product or service rendered, it is also the sum of value that consumers exchange for the benefits of having, using satisfying their needs or wants of the product or service. PROMOTION – Promotion are the activities that communicate the merits of the product or service that persuade the target customer to buy them. Special promotion offers like cash discount, rebates, offers etc. PLACE – Place is all the activities that a companies carries to make the product reach and available to the market. Place is also the distribution channel and distribution of the product or service in the most advantageous and best way possible to the target customer. (Kotler et al, 2001, p98), (Kotler P and Keller K, 2006), (Lancaster G and Massingham L, 1993, p100) Promotion The communication of merits of the product and persuading the customer to purchase is promotion. The benefits of the product have to be communicated to the customers for earning profits and gaining sales. The process of communicating with various form or promotion mix is known as promotion. (Kotler et al, 2001, p98) Promotion mix Promotion mix is the blend of promotional tools, which are, advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, sales force, direct marketing and public relations. These promotional tools are used to communicate or spread awareness to the customers. These tools have different characteristics and costs. Total marketing communications programme carried by a company or a business is called the promotional mix. (Kotler et al, 2001), (Michael J. Barker, 2003) Advertising Any paid form of non-personal communication of ideas or products through the medium or channel like television, newspapers, magazines, hoardings, posters, radio, cinema etc by an identified sponsor. Advertising include not only business firms, but also museums, charitable organisations, and Government agencies that direct messages to target publics. Advertisements are cost-effective way to disseminate messages, whether to build brand preference or to educate people. (Kotler. P, p590, 2005) The intention of advertisement is to inform and to persuade. The two basic aspects of advertising are the message that has to be communicated and how to be communicated. (Keith Crosier, 1998a) Personal Selling Personal selling is one of the effective tools of promotion mix involving an interactive relationship between the seller and the buyer. It is more effective in building up buyer preference, conviction and action. (Philip Kotler, 2005, p580 ; Kotler P and Keller K, 2006, p556) Sales Promotion Sales promotion is used for short run effects to promote product offers and to push sagging sales. Through sales promotion, companies get better, stronger and quicker response from the customers. Ex- contests, coupons, premiums, offers-buy one get one etc.(Philip Kotler, 2005, p580) Public relation or Publicity It is to build good relationship between the public and the company by favourable publicity, thereby building image. Lower in cost compared to advertising. It is most of the times the communication of a product, brand or business by placing information about it in the media without paying for the time or media directly. (Kotler et al, 2001, p690) Direct marketing Direct marketing is an interactive system of marketing that uses one or more advertising media to effect a measurable response or transaction at any location. Direct connections with carefully targeted individual consumers to both obtain an immediate response and cultivate lasting customer relationships by using telephone, mail, e-mail, internet, fax etc. to communicate directly with specific consumer alternative. (Bennett P D, 1995), (Betts et al., CIM, 1998) (Terance A. Shimp, 1997, p386) Promotion mix Advertising Builds awareness, public presentation (impersonal) Repetition of brand awareness and product helps in positioning and build customer trust Personal Selling Immediate and interactive lots of communication between the buyer and seller, sales call are costly. Communicating complex and deeper product information and features. Relationships can be built up important if closing the sale make take a long time. Sales Promotion Can stimulate sales by targeting promotional incentives on particular products Effective short term promotional tool. Public Relations News, stories and features are more authentic and credible. Cheap way of reaching many customers if the publicity is achieved through the right media but lose control. Direct Marketing Direct interaction with targeted individual consumers. Communication can be personalised and activities less visible to competitors. (David Jobber, 2001),( William G. Zikmund and Michael d’Amico, 1998), Kotler P and Keller K, 2006, p555-6) Advertising â€Å"Advertising is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor†.(AMA, 1963) â€Å"Advertising is the non-personal communication of marketing related information to a target audience, usually paid for by the advertiser, and delivered through the mass media in order to reach the specific objectives of the sponsor†(Burnett, 1993) Advertising: Its role and structure Developments in magazines, radio and television have had a tremendous impact of advertising. Apart from marketing, advertising may also serve several other functions in the economy and in the society. (Bovee C. L and Arens W. L, 1992) A hierarchy of effects model proposes that ads can move consumers closer to buying step by step, from being unaware, to knowledge, to liking, to preference, to desire, to purchase. The basic functions of advertising are- Precipitation- Create awareness and stimulate needs and wants. Persuasion- Encourage action and commitment Reinforcement- Support customer’s past decisions Reminder- Create habit Advertisings have the ability to add value to the brand as they are capable of endowing a brand with a symbolic meaning that makes more value in the consumer’s eye. (Kotler P and Keller K, 2006, p556) Advertising performs the communication function of a company, which the company has faith on. The main function of advertising are informing, persuading, reminding, adding value and assisting other company efforts. Informing: Advertising makes consumer aware of brands, new brand, educates about the features and benefits, builds brand image or forming o it by reaching the mass audience at a low cost per head. It also increases demand for existing product, teaches new uses of product and awareness. Persuading: Advertisements persuades or try to push the consumers and customers to try the advertised products and services. At chances there is also demand created for the secondary product of the brand. Reminding: Advertisements make the brand memorable by recalling them, they also remind customers of their purchases, influences the consumer’s interest in mature brand bears influence on brand switchers by letting them know about the other. Assisting other company efforts: Advertisement assists other company efforts by carrying the information or spreading the awareness of sales promotion to consumers(coupons, offers). It also helps the consumers in recognising the product or brand by showing the packaging and design on television, hoardings and magazines. (Shimp T. A., 2000) Advantages of advertisements Advertising provides an introduction to the company and its products Advertising explains the products new features Advertisements are more economical Advertisements offering brochures generate leads to sales people Advertisements tell people how to use the products and make them aware of their right purchase. (Kotler P and Keller K, 2006, p556) Advertisings have the capability to compliment the other promotional mix elements, like- Delivering sales promotions directly and supporting them indirectly, carrying public relations messages and announcing public relations activities, it also presells the salesperson’s product. Thereby advertising increases sales and profitability. (Burnett, 1993) The economic impact of advertising can be linked to the opening shot in billiards, a chain reaction that affects the company that advertises as well as its competitors, customers and the business community. On the otherside or broaderscale, advertising is often considered the trigger on mass distribution system that enables the manufacturers to produce the products in high volume, at low prices, standardised quality. Advertising adds value to products, makes products more or less expensive, affects total consumer demand, encourages or discourages competition, narrows or widens consumer choice and affects national business cycles. Advertising influences in an economy that produces more goods and services that can be consumed. (Bovee C. L and Arens W. L, 1992). Advertising is expensive and its effects are uncertain, moreover sometimes it takes time to impact on consumer behaviour. Functions and effects of advertisements as a marketing tool To stimulate the distribution of a product To lower the overall cost of sales To build brand preference and loyalty To identify products and differentiate them from others To communicate information about product, its features and its location of sale To induce consumers to try new products and to suggest reuse. (Bovee C. L and Arens W. L, 1992) The magnitude of advertising Advertising is a big business. USA’s expenditure on advertisements alone total to 200 million dollars as of 1998. Some American companies invest more than 1 billion dollar a year on domestic product. (Coen R. J, 1997) Advertising is investment in brand equity bank Brand’s equity is enhanced by marketing communications that create brand awareness thereby leading to strong, favourable and unique relation in the consumer’s memory between brand, feature and its benefits. (Aaker D. A., 1993). A brand is differentiated from competitive offering from price competition. (Boulding W, 1994) Advertising affects on building brands Advertising helps to build brands by communicating value and adding personality. It is only advertising that can do this task well. Advertising is essential to build consumer perception of brand values in market. (Randall, 1994, p 16) Advertising cannot be evaluated separately and it is an extricable part of total brand. The sales of brand are associated with the advertising expenditure as they are directly proportional. Advertising takes the sales up and down with the increase and decrease with proportion to the communication spread to the consumers of the market. Mraket have instinctive and correct feeling that the brand is the most valued property that evaporates unless supported properly by investment in advertising. (Arnold, D 1993) Brand A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design or combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. -American Marketing Association Ultimately, a brand is something that resides in the mind of customer. â€Å"A brand is every sign that is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of a company.† In this definition, the stress is on ‘sign’ and ‘distinguishing’. A sign may be a word, picture or form mark. The brand name is that part of the brand that can be pronounced. A brand name can serve as a characteristic in the recognition of the branded article.(Riezebos.R et al, p-33,63,85, 2003) Brands are fundamentally important to the survival and success of many firms for which companies have to manage them correctly. Strong brands are powerful and profitable yet there are many challenges and threats continuing strength and their existence. Branding is a fundamental strategic process that involves all parts of the firm in its delivery. Brand must always deliver value which must be defined in consumer terms. Brand has a continuing relationship with its buyers and users, this may change overtime but the company should always work on it to maintain it. Branding must be continuously adapted so that it is both efficient and effective due to the threat of growing competition. (Randall G, 2000, p1-5) The connection of Zippo lighters, Swatch watches or Mont blanc pens. With all the views it feels that a brand is something different from a product. When Virgin first started, it sold music as a product. Later the Virgin brand was built up and now is in various fields like airlines, cola, railways and financial services. It is now definitely a brand. A brand has an existence that is more than an actual product or service, it has a life of its own that feeds on the original product but also carries its original values and identify into new product areas. â€Å"A product is something that is made in factory and brand is something that is bought by a consumer† (Randall G, 2000, p1-5) It is every human being’s nature to invent and build brand values in each individual head. We do it with people, we do it with animals and we do it with inanimate objects. The skill of brand management is to see that each consumer is offered the right raw materials from which he or she will build the brand as the brand owner would prefer.(Randall G, 2000, p1-5) A brand is not an objective fact, it is made up of a million or more individual and subjective assessments. (Bullmore, 1999) Hankinson and Cowking (1993) have described brand definition under six headings; Visual Perceptual Positioning Added value Image Personality (Hankinson, G and Cowking, P,1993) Brand Image and Brand Identity Brand image- Brand image is what exists in the minds of consumers and the entire information of the brand they have received by word of mouth, advertising, packaging, experience, service etc. modified by perception, previous beliefs, social norms and forgetting. Brand image is what exists. Brand identity- Brand identity is what is under control and what is transmitted to the market. A strong brand is one that has a consistent, coherent identity. (Randall G, 2000, p1-5). Brand identity consists of twelve dimensions organised around four perspectives- the brand as product(scope, attributes, quality or value, uses, users, country of origin), brand as organisation (organisational attributes, local versus global), brand as person (brand personality, customer relationships), and brand as symbol (visual imagery and heritage). (Randall G, 2000, p68) As per Randall, (1993) brands perform five man functions for consumers. Identity- Brand must identify itself clearly and unambiguously, so name, legal protection and design elements are important. Shorthand summary- The identity should act as a summary of all the information the consumer holds about the brand. Security- Brand should guarantee to provide the benefits expected. Differentiation- The brand must clearly differentiate itself from its competitors and shows its uniqueness. Added value- Brand must offer more than the generic product. (Randall, G, 1993) One more view of brand is to excel in their offering product like price such as Asda, functional benefit such as Toyota or psychological benefit such as Timotei. (Davidson, H, 1997) When General Motors (GM) and Toyota both marketed a car produced by them in joint venture and cars were functionally identical but were branded as Toyota and Geo Prizm. In the course of 1990-94, Toyota were able to sell 200,000 Corollas at US $ 11,000 each and GM were able to sell only 80,000 and that to with a lower price of US $ 10,700. This shows the greater power of the Toyota brand over the other. This shows the perception of quality in consumer’s mind with respect to brand. (Almquist et al, 1998) Brands in Takeovers Nestle made a takeover bid for Rowntree at a premium due to the brand equity or value by Rowntree. The premium was not paid for the present performance of the brand but for their future potential. Nestle made kitkat the truly European brand. Brand Equity Brand equity is a set of liabilities and assets which are attached to a brand, its value, name, symbol of a company to that of the customers. They are grouped under five categories. Brand loyalty Name awareness Perceived quality Brand association in addition to perceived quality Other proprietary brand assets-patents, trademarks, channel relationships etc. (Aaker D A, 1991, p8) Celebrity Endorsements (Brand Ambassadors) Celebrities are individuals who enjoy public acknowledgment by a large share of a certain group of people. Their attributes like attractiveness, skills, extraordinary lifestyle are observed, They also differ from the social norm and take pleasure in a high degree of public awareness. Few classic examples of celebrities like, Meg Ryan, Pierce Brosnan, models like Naomi Campbell, Gisele Buendchen, sports persons like Anna Kournikova, Michael Schumacher entertainers like Oprah Winfrey, Conan O’Brien, and pop stars e.g. Madonna, David Bowie, Britney Spears and Rihanna and also business class or groups like Donald Trump, Bill Gates or politicians like Bill Clinton, Tony Blair. Appearances of celebrities are in different ways. Initially, when they appear in their actual profession (Tennis players in Wimbledon) like Anna Kournikova Pete Sampras. Later, their appearance in public by attending special celebrity events like world premieres of movies and academy awards, in news, magazine s provide information on events and the personal life of celebrities through mass-media. Celebrities act as spokespeople in advertising to promote products, services and ideas. (Kambitsis et al. 2002, Tom et al. 1992). Celebrities like Britney Spears, Michael Jackson, Liz Hurley and Tiger Woods are paid billions of dollars for every contract with the company or brand as they play a major role in advertising industry. (Daneshvary, Rennae and Schwer, 2000, Kambitsis et al. 2002). For example, Famous Tennis player Venus Williams has been endorsed by the sportswear manufacturer Reebok International Inc. for $40 million and five year contract. Advertising with the use of celebrities create enormous publicity and attention of people. (Ohanian 1991) Celebrities as Spokespersons Spokespersons are generally used by companies to deliver their advertising message and convince consumers of their products or brands. Spokesperson who are popular and are widely known are endorsed by companies, thereby celebrity endorser (Tom et al. 1992). â€Å"A celebrity endorser is an individual who is known by the people for their achievements in their fields other than the product class endorsed.† (Friedman and Friedman, 1979, p63). Actress Catherine Zeta-Jones endorses the perfume manufactured by Elizabeth Arden (cosmetic manufacturer). Celebrities are endorsed due to their high influential potential capability and their higher recall and degree of attention in advertising. Advertising with celebrities create positive feelings towards brands, more entertaining and increases company’s awareness, Advertising with celebrities are likely affect consumers brand attitudes and purchase behaviour. (Solomon 2002) Source Credibility and Attractiveness The main intention of advertising is to persuade customers, attempt to modify or change consumer’s attitude towards brands (Solomon 2002). Celebrity endorsement strategy by advertisers enables to project an image in terms of persuasiveness, objectiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness. (Till and Shimp 1998). Source attractiveness- It is the endorser’s individuality, physical appearance, likeability, and similarity to the consumer perception, thereby to the perceived social value (Solomon 2002). Using celebrities or attractive people in television and print advertising is common practice followed and have proved to be more successful in influencing customer’s attitudes and beliefs. (Ohanian 1991) The Match-up Hypothesis Many research studies have showed the relativity between brand and celebrity endorsers and explained the effectiveness of using them to promote brands. Many of the celebrity endorsements proved to be successful. (Walker et al. 1992). Celebrity Endorser Company/Product Success (Yes/No) Liz Hurley Estee Lauder Yes Cindy Crawford Revlon PepsiCo Yes Yes Bruce Willis Seagrams No Michael Jordan Nike WorldCom Yes No Whitney Houston ATT No Jerry Seinfeld American Express Yes Milla Jovovich L’Oreal Yes (Successful and unsuccessful celebrity endorsements Source, Walker et al. 1992, Till 1998) It is not enough for a person to be just famous to endorse (Solomon 2002). Super stars like Bruce Willis and Whitney Houston who were attractive failed in their endorsements. Celebrity spokespersons should be knowledgeable, experienced, and qualified to talk about the product to be effective on consumer. (Tom et al. 1992, Daneshvary and Schwer 2000) References Philip Kotler, (2005), Marketing Management, 11th edition, Pearson Education, India AMA, (1985), ‘AMA Board approves new marketing definition’ Marketing news, 1st March, p1. Brassington F and Pettit S, (2006), ‘Principles of marketing’ 4th edition, Pearson education, England. Gronroos, C, (1997), ‘From marketing mix to relationship marketing- Towards a paradigm shift in marketing management decision 35(4), pp322-39. Kotler P and Keller L K, (2006), Marketing management, 12th edition, Prentice Hall, USA. Kotler P, Armstrong G, Saunders J and Wong V, (2001), Principles of marketing, 3rd European edition, Prentice Hall, UK Peter D. Bennett, (1995), Dictionary of marketing terms, American Marketing Association, Chicago. Keith Crosier, (1998a), Advertising, in kitchen, P.J.(ed.) Marketing Communication: Principles and practice, International Thompson Business Press, London. Michael J. Barker, (2003), The marketing book, 5th edition, Heinemann publication, Great Britain. Betts et al., CIM, (1998), Promotional Practice, 5th edition, BPP publishing, London. William G. Zikmund and Michael d’Amico, (1998), Effective marketing-Creating and keeping customers, International Thompson Publishing, USA. Terance A. Shimp, (1997), Aspects of integrated marketing communication, The Dryden press, USA. Lancaster G and Massingham L, (1993), Marketing management, McGraw Hill Company, Great Britain David Jobber, (2001), Principles and practice of marketing, McGraw Hill publishing company, UK. CIM, (2001), Marketing management, BPP publishing, London.

gatjay Romantic Jay Gatsby of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Romantic Jay Gatsby of The Great Gatsby Doesn't it always seem as though rich and famous people are larger-than-life and virtually impossible to touch, almost as if they were a fantasy? In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays Jay Gatsby as a Romantic, larger-than-life, figure by setting him apart from the common person. Fitzgerald sets Gatsby in a fantasy world that, based on illusion, is of his own making. Gatsby's possessions start to this illusion. He lives in an extremely lavish mansion. "It is a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than forty acres of lawn and garden." (5) It models an extravagant castle with a European style. Indoors it has "Marie Antoinette music-rooms and restoration salons." (92) There is even a "Merton College Library, paneled with imported carved English oak and thousands of volumes of books." (45) There is even a private beach on his property. He also has his own personal hydroplane. Gatsby also drives a highly imaginative, "circus wagon", car that "everybody had seen. It is a rich cream color with nickel and has a three-noted horn." (64) It has a "monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes, supper-boxes, tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields and a green leather conservatory." (64) Amidst Gatsby's possessions, he develops his personal self. His physical self appearance sets him apart form the other characters. His smile is the type "that comes across four or five times in life. One of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it." (48) He has a collection of tailored shirts from England. They are described as " shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel." He has shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple-green and lavender and faint orange, with monograms of Indian blue." (93) Gatsby wears a unique " gorgeous pink rag of a suit" that sets him apart as a "bright spot." (154) Gatsby's mannerisms are different too. He gives the "strong impression that he picks his words with care." Gatsby is an "elegant young roughneck

New Jersey Legislature

The New Jersey Legislature is the branch of government seated in New Jersey State House at the capital in Trenton.   The legislature is bicameral, meaning that it consists of two houses.   These houses are called the General Assembly and the New Jersey Senate. The New Jersey State Legislature and Governor has been running under a cloud of suspicion, corruption, graft and a Treasury that had spent the first half of this decade in debt. These problems seemed to have alleviated a little since New Jersey’s new governor, Jon Corzine, took office in January of 2006. He has not been the complete reason for the turnaround but his common knowledge ideas concerning fiscal responsibility and personal sacrifice has led by example and the idea that ineffective government and the New Jersey State Legislature linked, is starting to fade. The study of my state legislature reveals some important questions that need to be addressed and answered: First, should the size of the legislature be increased or decreased? Second, Should the legislatures’ pay be raised and should the job be on a full time or part time basis? And lastly, should there be term limits and does the legislature meet too often or too little? These questions raise many opinions as the citizens of New Jersey are ready for their government to again work for them and their needs. The General Assembly is the lowest house of the legislature.   It contains eighty members and its requirements to be among its body: one must be at least twenty one years of age, have resides in the state for at least two years and must live in the district that it the member represents.   The state of New Jersey is made up of forty districts. The members of the New Jersey Legislature are chosen by forty electoral districts, each district electing one member to the Senate and two members of the Assembly. Districts are redefined after each census.   New Jersey’s current district map is based upon the 2000 census. Even though New Jersey is a small state, it ranks 10th in population in the country and is one of the most highly population density in the country.   The high concentration of districts is a good idea and is advantageous towards the attempt in a democracy, that all of its citizens’ voices may be heard. The â€Å"upper house† which is what the Senate is referred to, is made up of forty members and the qualifications for its members is that each must be thirty years of age, must live in the state for at least four years as well as reside in the district that he/she is wanting to represent. Elections for the state of New Jersey are unique in the fact that they are held on odd-numbered years whereas the majority of the states in the Union hold their elections on even numbered years. â€Å"New Jersey is also unique in the fact that Senators serve four year terms except during the first two years of the decade. This â€Å"2-4-4† cycle was put into place so that the senate can reflect the changes that the census has displayed if there was a significant change in the population density of one district over another.† ( Wikipedia)   The General Assembly is headed by the speaker, whereas the Senate is headed by the President. Each house is led by a majority and minority leaders, assistant leaders as well as what is referred to as whips. â€Å"The Legislature is empowered to make new law, subject to the Governor of New Jersey’s power to veto a bill.   However, the veto may be overridden by the Legislature if there is a two-thirds majority in favor of overriding in each house.† (Wikipedia) This is typical in most of the state’s constitutions as well as in the Federal Constitution.   The Governor can veto a bill but if the legislature comes back with a 2/3 majority vote, then the Governor’s veto is made null and void. This is an essential aspect of a democracy: That the final word in a decision, is left up not to a single individual, but to the people as a whole. The Governor’s decisions can be overridden only by the majority will of the people. This aspect of New Jersey’s Constitution should never be changes and if so, it would serve as an impediment to the democratic system here in New Jersey that we all enjoy and respect. However, one instance where this democratic ideal was not followed was in the 2006 shutdown of the New Jersey Legislature.   Even though the shutdown was finally decided upon by Governor Corzine, it speaks to a larger ineptitude regarding the state legislature and its ability to continue working for its citizens. It was the first shutdown in the history of the state and it occurred when the Legislature and the Governor failed to agree on a state budget by the deadline set forth in the state Constitution. It began on July 1, 2006 and lasted until the 8th of July. All government services were not revived until July 10th. The background into this most recent failing by the state legislature helps to realize that the job of a member in the state legislature should be full time, there should definitely be term limits and the pay should remain constant as long as thousands of government workers were told that they were non essential and told to stay home for a week without pay. The shutdown was over different opinions concerning the state’s budget and the unchecked spending by Corzine’s predecessor despite the large debt that the state was suffering through. As a way to set an example, Governor Corzine, bypassed the $175,000 annual budget and took only a ceremonial $1 salary. The rest of the members should take note of this and should follow the Governor’s example. The New Jersey Constitution states under Article VIII that a state’s expenses for the year be provided for â€Å"in a single budget act.† (Star Ledger) The constitution also specifics a provision stating preventive measures against going into debt.   A start to New Jersey’s troubles was ignoring this sound advice. Governor Corzine, in an attempt to pass his budget, came into conflict with fellow Democrats within the General Assembly. The main point of contention was the Assembly’s refusal to increase the state tax from 6% to 7% in order to fill the budget gap. Corzine stated that there was no other way in coming up with the money as the state’s constitution forbade other forms of revenue raising. Months before the shutdown, Corzine states that he would not accept a budget that did not include a tax increase and he stood firm in this conviction and the General Assembly did the same which eventually resulted in the shutdown. When the budget failed to pass, the shutdown occurred. This resulted in 45,000 workers being told that they were non essential and would have to stay home for an indefinite period of time. Some of these institutions included the casinos, the Motor Vehicle Commission and inspection stations as well as the New Jersey Department of Education to name a few. Other shutdowns would include, state beaches, public parks, historic sites and horse racing. New Jersey did have enough sense however to keep prison, state police offices, hospitals and child welfare programs running. A sense of urgency prevailed across our state and an emergency July 4th session of the State Legislature was called.† (state.nj.us) â€Å"On July 6, 2006, Democratic factions within the General Assembly reached a   Ã‚  Ã‚  compromise budget. That tentative budget proposed an increase in the state sales tax from 6% to 7%, which is estimated to generate an additional $1.1 billion in revenue. The plan also included a requirement to use half of that for direct relief toward New Jersey's property tax — highest of all states. The plan also called for the same dedicated purpose for all of the money raised by this sales tax increase in subsequent years. The new budget law includes a provision for a constitutional amendment which must, like all such amendments in the state, be approved in an Election Day referendum, to be held on November 7, 2006.† New Jersey voters approved this measure by a 2-1 margin statewide. ( wikipedia) On July 8Th, both houses of the legislature passed the proposed budget. At 6 a.m. that day, Corzine signed executive order ? 19] to restore government services. The fact that 1% of the sales tax was so bitterly fought over was in the forefront of the minds of the members of the legislature. Most of them were up for reelection much sooner than the governor.   Many of New Jersey citizens blamed the state legislature more than the governor and 71% of people polled said that they would not vote for their district representatives if they had voted for the sales tax rate hike. â€Å"New Jersey voters clearly blame the state legislature for the budget crisis, and say the property-tax relief that the legislature insisted on in the compromise is more politics than real reform. Of those polled, 23% indicated that they will not vote for those representatives who voted for the sales-tax hike in the future. The state legislature's next election will be in November 2007, but Corzine does not face another election until 2009.† (Star Ledger) From the above mentioned description about the most recent shutdown of New Jersey’s state legislature, it is plain to see that the elected officials from my state are not doing what are the supposed to be doing.   I think that the blame needs to be shared.   The governor did gain points with me by bypassing the salary of the governor in order to help alleviate the financial problems of the state. I realize that he is already a millionaire but there are many governors and even members of the House and Senate of this country who have millions of dollars, yet such ideas of fiscal responsibility and self sacrifice to the smallest degree is not even considered. The governor did fight to raise the sales tax against the state legislature, who many of them fought against this occurring.   But it was not the governor who created the mess in the first place but rather inherited it after his predecessor James McGreevy was forced to step down. I had always thought that the members of my state legislature were already out of touch with its constituents.   One already has to me a person of financial means if they wish to even be able to afford to run. Many members of the state legislature are not there for the salary.   They have alternate sources of income in different types of investments. Also, the campaign promises of the majority of the members of the State Legislature are saturated with promises of wanting to make a genuine difference in their home state.   Let us put those promises to the test and put a cap on their current salaries. This is especially necessary when the state’s treasury is in as much trouble as it is and hard working people have to be told that they are non essential and lose out on a week’s worth of pay because its state legislatures do not know how to balance a budget until it is too late.   Personal and state revenue was lost on many different levels due to the shutdown. And to say that because this was the first shutdown in our state’s history, it somehow is going to be the last is naive. It is naive as long as our state legislatures feel that ignoring a problem is the same as fixing it. As long as each state legislature does not treat this job as one of their top priorities in their life and that this is most certainly a full time job that demands their time, attention and respect for the members that he/she represents. A member of the state legislature should recognize these things and if he/she does not, then it is up to an informed public to exercise their precious right to vote and to make a change with that vote.   As far as term limits are concerned, I would like each member of the state legislature realize that his job is not safe and is depended upon a stellar work record. However, do term limits limit the free speech of the representative’s constituents? If a public figure is doing a job well done, then they should be rewarded with another two or four year term.   This is definitely the case in The United States Congress. For that diamond in the ruff that has all of the above mentioned qualities and is in the State Legislature, I would not be against term limits except for the number of terms for a governor. That number should be set at three since a prolonged appointment to the highly responsible job of governor can only breed apathy. And a state legislature that does not seem to be in touch with their job responsibilities, can breed a much more dangerous apathy; that of its citizens! WORKS CITED http://www.statelocalgov.net/state-nj.htm www.wikipedia.com www.njleg.state.nj.us/ CNN’s Larry King Live www.state.nj.us            

GPA, SAT and ACT Data for Top North Carolina Colleges

GPA, SAT and ACT Data for Top North Carolina Colleges North Carolina has some impressive options for higher education, and the admissions standards for places like Duke and UNC Chapel Hill can be daunting. Most top-ranking schools have holistic admissions, so the final admissions decision takes into consideration things like your extracurricular involvement and application essay. That said, youre going to need high grades and strong test scores to get into most of the schools on this list. To see if youre on target for admission to some of North Carolinas top colleges, follow the links in the list below:   Appalachian State University Roughly two-thirds of applicants are admitted, and most have grades of a B or higher and standardized test scores that are average or better. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Appalachian State Admission Davidson College Fewer than a quarter of all applicants to Davidson will be admitted, and nearly all successful applicants had grades in the A range and above average standardized test scores. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Davidson College Admission Duke University Duke consistently makes my list of the countrys  most selective colleges.  Youd better have high grades and standardized test scores if you want your application to be taken seriously. In  2015, just 11% of applicants were admitted. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Duke University Admission Elon University Elon admits about half of its applicants. Most admitted students have grades in the B range or higher and SAT/ACT scores that are at least a little above average. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Elon University Admission Guilford College About a third of applicants to Guilford are rejected. The school has test-optional admissions, so dont worry if your SAT or ACT scores arent ideal. You will need a high school record that demonstrates your college preparedness. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Guilford College Admission High Point University High Point University is one of the less selective schools on this list, but youll still need solid grades and test scores to be admitted. A little over a quarter of all applicants are not admitted. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for High Point University Admission Meredith College This womens college admits about 60% of applicants. Most women who get in have grades in the B range or higher and SAT/ACT scores that are at least average. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for  Meredith College Admission NC State University About half of applicants to NC State get in, which means over 10,000 applicants receive rejection letters. Youre probably going to need above average grades and test scores to be admitted. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for NC State Admission Salem College Salem is another womens college, and its admissions bar is similar to Meredith College. A little over a third of applicants will not get in, and youll need grades and test scores that are at least average. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Salem College Admission UNC Asheville Youll want a GPA above a B and above  average SAT/ACT scores to be competitive at UNC Asheville. Dont be fooled by the schools relatively high acceptance ratestudents who dont qualify for admission dont tend to apply. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for UNC Asheville Admission UNC Chapel Hill As the flagship campus of the UNC system, Chapel Hill is highly selective. Less than a third of all applicants will get in, and those who are admitted have grades and test scores that are significantly above  average. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for UNC Chapel Hill Admission UNC School of the Arts Only a third of applicants will get into UNC School of the Arts, but unlike other schools on this list, your grades and test scores may not be the most important part of your application. Successful applicants need to have strong non-numerical measures such as auditions, portfolios, and resumà ©s of relevant experiences. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for UNC School of the Arts Admission UNC Wilmington UNC Wilmington is a moderately selective public university. Over a third of applicants wont get in, and those who are admitted typically have above average grades and SAT/ACT scores. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for UNC Wilmington Admission Wake Forest University Wake Forest is one of the more selective colleges to move to test-optional admissions, so you dont need to worry about your SAT and ACT scores. That said, you probably will need high school grades up in the A range. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Wake Forest Admission Warren Wilson College As a work college, Warren Wilson is not for everyone, and the admissions process is largely about identifying students who will be a good match for the schools ethos. Roughly four out of every five applicants are admitted. Successful applicants tend to have grades in the B range or better and above average standardized test scores. GPA-SAT-ACT Graph for Waren Wilson College Admission

WAYS TO CONNECT WITH LOVED ONE essays

WAYS TO CONNECT WITH LOVED ONE essays WAYS TO CONNECT WITH LOVED ONES FAR AWAY Two years ago, I excitedly left my family and friends for my far away dream land, Canada. However, just on the second day after arriving here, the excitement was gone. I was homesick. I missed my family and my friends, and I missed my hometown. All I could do was to hurriedly call my parents. This was my experience. Many international students may have a similar experience. As international students, they study alone in strange countries. They need emotional supports from their family. They need connection with their old friends. In general, international students use letters, e-mail, telephone and online chat to keep in touch with family and friends far away. Letters, the most traditional communication method, are still used by international students. Whether writing or reading a letter, the process is an emotional experience. For instance, when I wrote a letter to my family, I felt as if I had talked with them face to face. I didnt feel lonely anymore. All I could feel was love. When receiving a letter from my parents, I often open the envelope in a rush and read it carefully word by word. When finishing it, I would read it again just in case any word was omitted. The joy brought by the letter could last for days. However, waiting for a letter is not a joyful thing anymore. Its torture. The cycle of an international mail is time-consuming. For instance, it takes ten days for a mail from my hometown to Montreal. Many students cannot stand the long wait. They choose the alternative, e-mail. Today, e-mail is widely used as a means of communication. First, the cycle time of an e-mail is very short. It is delivered as soon as the Send key is pressed. It only takes minutes or hours to arrive at the destination mail box. Second, e-mail is convenient. Unlike traditional mail, there is no stamp or post office trip for e-mail. The basic requirements are an e-mail addres ...

Strategic Thinking and Entrepreneurial Behavior Case Study

Strategic Thinking and Entrepreneurial Behavior - Case Study Example At the origination Nokia had nothing in common through mobile phones. No doubt, the company was familiar as a business producing authority. Soon after, at the end of last century, more advanced technologies had been brought to light, such as invention of rubber and other related substances used in chemical processes. This led to formation of the Finnish Rubber Works. Moreover, worth mentioning is the rapid innovation in electricity augmentation toward companies and factories, the huge improvement of which contributed not only to the inception of the Finnish Cable Works in 1912, but also to the production of cables for the telegraph business and, in fact, it supported the development of a quite new device- telephone. Then in 1960 Electronic Department was established, this led up the company to a new stage in telecommunication business. In 1967, with the contribution of both Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable Works, the original manufacturing industry founded Nokia Corporation. Th e '60s are considered to be an important period in Nokia's achievements as the initial and very successful approach of Nokia to the telecommunication market. In 1980's Nokia became a well-recognized industry manufacturing... The '60s are considered to be an important period in Nokia's achievements as the initial and very successful approach of Nokia to the telecommunication market. In 1980's Nokia became a well-recognized industry manufacturing not only telephones but also tremendous numbers of TV-sets, computers and monitors of the best quality. The first mobile telephone network was presented in 1981, in Scandinavia. Due to the fact that the primary cell phones were heavy and bulky, in 1987 Nokia came up with a new idea of producing more hand portable mobile devices. From 1987 till July 1st 1991 Nokia and the operators succeeded in adjusting GSM (digital standard able to deliver data with excellent voice level) through the whole Europe. The '80s and '90s were years of further changes in Nokia Industry, such as the appointment of Jarma Ollila to lead the company who from then on concentrated only on telecommunications in new digital era of technology. 3. Products And Services Nokia Corporation offers a well-developed variety of products and services , which completely satisfy consumers' needs and demands. The client is given a choice of products used outdoor, such as mobile phones. Apparently, there are about 40 different models available in the present market. All of the handsets have elegant and modish design. In addition, most of the telephones are small and portable; others include cameras, radios and digital music players. Apart from cellular, Nokia offers also land telephones, pocket radios, computer hardware, digital TV receivers and satellite carriers. Furthermore, Nokia offers Network products and services that are grouped into specific categories : - Broadband Access - Core Network - Narrowband Access -

Multinational buainess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multinational buainess - Essay Example At the present economic environment such theories and models are considered to be very important as the importance of multinational organizations to the global economy has increased significantly. Dunning’s eclectic paradigm theory is one of the most widely discussed theories in the world of international production. This paper attempts to present a clear description of this theory and several of its dimensions. The paper also includes a proper analysis of the criticisms that the Dunning’s model has faced over the years. There are several other theories on the similar subject and Dunning’s theory can be compared with those to analysis the effectiveness of it. This paper includes such a comparative analysis that is likely to help an individual to have a clear conception regarding the entire picture of such theories. Academic Literature John H Dunning is famous in the international business arena for his ‘Eclectic Paradigm’ theory. It is actually the i ntegration of several theories on internationalization. It covers many mainstream theories such as Ohlin and Heckscher’s ‘factor endowment theory’, Coase’s ‘trasaction cost theory’, Hymer’s ‘monopolistic advantage theory’ and ‘internalization theory’ of Casson and Buckley. In 1976, Dunning presented the core concept of eclectic paradigm at Nobel Symposium which is located in Stockholm. The theory explains precisely why a firm should go global. Dunning attempted to provide a clear and complete explanation regarding international production. He has consistently supplemented and improved his theory in accordance to various developments in the global economic environment and also in accordance to several constructive criticisms. Dunning opined that there are three conditions that have significant influence over the firm’s decision regarding transnational production. In other words, a firm will involve in â⠂¬Ëœinternational production’ if these three conditions are met. The three conditions are 1) ‘ownership-specific advantages’, 2) ‘internalization advantages’ and 3) ‘location specific advantages’ (Dicken, 2007). Each of them is properly described below. Ownership-Specific Advantages According to Dunning, an organization must have some ownership specific advantages which are not possessed by the rival organizations of other countries. The basis of this theory of Dunning lies in the ‘Monopolistic Advantage Theory’ that was developed by Hymer. According to Dunning, ownership specific advantages â€Å"must be sufficient to compensate for the costs of setting up and operating a foreign value-adding operation in addition to those faced by indigenous producers or potential producers† (Dunning, 1981). These advantages are like ‘internal assets’ of a firm which is the sole owner of them. Ownership specific advanta ges can be gained from the factors like technology, knowledge, internal brands, human resources etc. (Dicken, 2007). In the words of Dunning, ownership specific advantages â€Å"need not arise from multinationality† (Perry, 1992). These advantages