Birthday Party

A birthday is a very wonderful day. Everybody likes to celebrate it. It is a good opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives. My 17th birthday party last year was a really memorable occasion. I celebrated it at home in the evening. All my friends came and we had a lot of fun. Preparations began a day before the celebration. My mother and I cleaned the house. Many delicious dishes were cooked, the rooms were decorated with balloons and steamers. In the morning of birthday party day my father went shopping and bought everything we needed.All the invitations were sent one week before the celebration. In the morning on my birthday my parents put the presents near my bed. So, the first thing I saw when I opened my eyes was my presents. My mom and daddy and my little brother came to my room to congratulate me and to sing ? «Happy Birthday? ». By the evening food was cooked, the table was laid. We put on evening suits and dresses and waited for the guests. The flat looke d nice and cosy. I was very glad to meet my guests. I got a lot of flowers, presents and Birthday cards.We had an abundant dinner on this day. My mother bought in the birthday cake and I blew the candles out. We danced and sang songs, played games and laughed, Joked, told funny stories, listened to the music. I think that my birthday is one of the best days in a year. The entire evening was a huge success and everyone agreed that we had a lot of fun. It certainly was the best party I have ever had, because of the great pleasure it gave me to see so many of my friends and relatives together in the same place. I think I shall remember my party for a long time to come.A birthday is a very wonderful day. Everybody likes to celebrate it. It is a good opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives. My 17th birthday party last year was a really memorable occasion. I celebrated it at home in the evening. All my friends came and we had a lot of fun. Preparations began a day befor e the celebration. My mother and I cleaned the house. Many delicious dishes were cooked, the rooms were decorated with balloons and steamers. In the morning of birthday party day my father went shopping and bought everything we needed.All the invitations were sent one week before the celebration. In the morning on my birthday my parents put the presents near my bed. So, the first thing I saw when I opened my eyes was my presents. My mom and daddy and my little brother came to my room to congratulate me and to sing ? «Happy Birthday? ». By the evening food was cooked, the table was laid. We put on evening suits and dresses and waited for the guests. The flat looked nice and cosy. I was very glad to meet my guests. I got a lot of flowers, presents and Birthday cards. We had an abundant dinner on this day.My mother bought in the birthday cake and I blew the candles out. We danced and sang songs, played games and laughed, Joked, told funny stories, listened to the music. I think tha t my birthday is one of the best days in a year. The entire evening was a huge success and everyone agreed that we had a lot of fun. It certainly was the best party I have ever had, because of the great pleasure it gave me to see so many of my friends and relatives together in the same place. I think I shall remember my party for a long time to come. Birthday Party By marusks05

Discuss Concepts of Attachment in Human Development

Discuss concepts of attachment in human development. What implications does this have for a society in which the majority of Mothers are employed outside the home? Attachment is the bond and affection created by two people. It is a need developed in human beings since we are born to feel secure and safe. According to Bowlby, this theory is an emotion connection human beings generate when they are born where they get emotionally associated to caregivers, normally the mother, creating to an emotional reaction when this connection of attachment is in danger or gone. (Worden 1991) Lasing psychological connectedness between human beings† The caregiver is giving to the baby an emotional security needed for the development of the baby. (Hospice Slo) This attachment between baby and caregiver can be partially replaced when the baby grows and gets involved for longer periods of time during the day with other human beings but it is very important to keep the infant close to the main care giver to improve child’s chance of survival. Birth involves changes and adjustments, pain and joy and new beginnings (Kubler-Ross 1981) Key Features of Bolby’s theory of Attachment. Monotropy: Babies are strongly attached to the caregiver who is normally the mother, and this attachment takes its form on the first year of life. -If attachment with the mother has not taken place by age 2, it will be almost impossible to adjust it, even after 6 months of the baby’s life; it would make it very difficult. -Secure attachment to the caregiver is very important for a future emotional, social and intellectual development. -Once attachment is created, if it gets interrupted it can led to massive consequences on social, intellectual and emotional development. Reciprocal: The attachment is form in a two way. -Critical period. Between 6 months and 2 years is most important period where the baby and the caregiver should be close to creating a bond. -Maternal deprivation. As B owlby describes it, it is the serious developmental impairment caused by being separated from the mother in infancy. (Kubler-Ross 1981) Having in mind the theories of attachment according to Bowlby and the repercussions if interrupted, we can state the existence of a strong independence between mother and baby.We can understand that this bond between baby/toddler and caregiver cannot be eternally followed. In general, the mothers, after a giving birth, have created the attachment and get connected to the baby but at some point, most of them will have to go back to a productive life and join their job again if they had one, as most women will be obliged to contribute to the necessities of the family’s finances so she will be forced to assign the task of caring for the baby after just a few months of the baby’s life.That does not mean the attachment will be broken but the baby will spend some time during the day looked after by a second party. The baby will be responsive and create an emotional connection between the new caregiver once the caregiver is responsive and familiar. (Berger 1983) This is not a journey by choice most of the time. It would be greater if the mother could stay close to home and focus directly on what is right to be sure that her path is connected with the child. (Kornfield 1988)The task of looking after the baby while the mother is working could be given to a second party in the family, for example grandparents if they are able to take care of the child or any other relative. A nanny or infant day care are some other choices to achieve the right care for the baby. Once the task of carer has been assigned, the baby will be separated of his mother for most of the day and new attachments will be formed, but the main one will be the bond between mother and child.This change could be lived by the child in a very distressed way as new people or strange people will be caring for him and it could be upsetting for the mother if the b onds are too tight. As upsetting as it could be for the child this change in life and environment could be a crucial move for the child to start learning different things, interact with other people or children and start new discoveries. Mothers always think is safer to leave children with family relates, but depending the age, childcare could be a perfect option for a child.Once the infant is around 2 years old, being exposed to other children will help to develop and the start of relationships with other people or kids, so from being the main character in his house, children will learn to socialize with other children or people with the purpose of social growing. The father, who in a normal situation would have developed a bond with the child but in a smaller scale than the mother, he will make closer emotional connection with his child as he will have more responsibility sharing the tasks and caring for the baby. Cowan 1993) Having mentioned what attachment means for caregiver/mo ther and baby and the changes in modern life, we can question how this affects the working mother, the family and the child. Long-term study by University College London has studied the case and influence in young children when their mothers have to go to work and develop a professional career.The conclusions have been revealing that the kids exposed to this situation are not harmed emotionally or socially by being left with family, relatives or day care option and they would had the same behaviour so there were no changes with the absence of the caregiver. Some researches pointed out that there are no big difference between the time a working mother or a housewife dedicate to their children, as the working mothers compensate the attention to their children on the weekends to make up for the time they have been working and they have missed expending with their child.Psychologists’ point that it is more important the quality not the quantity of time spent with her children. Th e fact that the mother can develop a professional career can help to lift her self-esteem and that will be transmitted to the children instead the mother having to resign for the sake of her children which it can lead to a frustration and depression and these could also be transmitted to the children and affect their day life and their behaviour.This case study leaded to some other repercussions regarding children gender and different situations in the household which we can blame to some dysfunctional parental issues. (Meikle) The UCL Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatics study states that children which are left in caring centres or looked after by relatives have poorer dietary habits, had more tendencies to drink sweet drinks between meals and they were an average of two hours a day in front of the TV or the computer than the children who were full time looked after by the mother.These statements link to appreciate that working parents have less time to provide their children with a balance diet and chances for physical activity leading children to a higher risk of obesity. (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health) Another study by the University College London states that there were no detrimental effects for children if the mother goes back to work but that children’s health and emotional wellbeing could sustain if the detachment happens in very early life of the child.Dr Anne McMunn agrees with some of the statements above and she pointed that children looked after by the mother full time had the most behaviour difficulties. (Ross, T, Barker, C) She also stated that working mothers are more likely to have higher educational qualifications which would allow them to live in a higher class in society, with bigger incomes and have lower possibilities of getting depressed than non working mothers.These factors explain the levels of behavioural difficulties for males of non working mothers, but it would not be the same case for girls. ( McMunn, A) The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D. C has studied the case of families with low incomes and the benefits in children if mothers go to work. Children in a low class family will benefit more if the mother works as there will be a financial stability in the household and the mother will become a model role to follow for the family.Their case study was based in mothers returning to work at early age of the children (preferably almost straight away after giving birth) giving a result of benefits for the children and the family. On the other side, mothers who go back to work after her children turns 3 years old, these children will tend to have achievement problems in school, behavioural problems and conduct problems, believing that it was much better an earlier start for the mother to join work.Doing more research on middle and upper class families, children who were left in daycares were slightly more likely to see decreases in achievement, suggesting th at families with no financial problems may not see beneficial for the mother to go back to work while children are very young. These studies took place in USA and they agree there is no support for new mothers in terms of flexi time and maternity leave policies and that having more help to arrange more time with their babies could only have positive effects for children. Thompson, R. L) United Nations Children's Fund reported that children in UK are exposed to risk as mothers join work too soon having to leave babies in day care, nannies and they mentioned it reduces the emotional benefit and behaviourally if the mothers were able to look after the kids at home as maternity leave are not fairly paid and UK and it does not provide enough money for early childhood services.Unicef reckons by their research that the lack of contact between parents and children could lead the children to depression and withdrawn, performing poorly in school and developing behavioural problems stating tha t the younger the baby is, the greater the risk recommending that babies should be with the parents at least till they are 12 months old. (Beckford, M) We have had the chance to compare different studies and points of view in terms of the impact and implications for employed mothers who have to be away from their homes to bring an income to the house and leave their children in care of second parties.Some of this studies vary in opinions and we have pointed the main repercussions, but most of them agree there is no major repercussions in being absent from the household while they are working. In general, once the attachment mother-child has been established, the mother and the children will always be connected and it could be beneficial for the child for his on future development.In the old times, mothers were staying at home looking after the children and taking care of the house, but this society we are living now has made us change this tradition and our ways of behaving relating parental attachment have changed as we need the income to survive, but the success of our children in the future will not be measured by the material things received but the intensity and quality in the affecting relations parents have been able to provide since they are children.We need to bear in mind that most of the cases where the studies do not find any unbeneficial consequences are based in traditional families, mother and father together with no dysfunctional problems, which if these situation changes dramatically, and the consequences would be completely different. We also presume that the nanny, relative or care giver assigned for this task has experience or it is a high level institution where the children are not going to be in lack of caring of attention. References: – Beckford, M (2008) Unicef: English children at risk because mothers go back to work too soon [Online]. Available: http://www. telegraph. o. uk/news/uknews/3701376/Unicef-English-children-at-risk-b ecause-mothers-go-back-to-work-too-soon. html [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Berger, K. S, 6th ed. , (1983) The developing person through the life span. New York: Worth Publishers. – Cowan, P. A (1993) Family, self, and society: toward a new agenda for family research. New Jersey: Lawerence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. – Hospice SLO. Worden's 4 Tasks of Grief [Online]. Available: http://www. hospiceslo. org/helpful-info/82-wordens-4-tasks-of-grief. html [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (2009) Children of working mothers have unhealthier lifestyles. Online]. Available: http://www. ucl. ac. uk/news/news-articles/0909/09092903 [Accessed 17 November 2011] -Kornfield, J (1988) A path with heart. New York: Rider. -Kubler-Ross,E (1981) Living with Death and Dying. How to communicate with the terminally ill. New York:Touchstone. -McMunn, A (2011) Working mothers and the effects on children. [Online]. Available: http://www. esrc. ac. uk/news-a nd-events/press-releases/16143/working-mothers-and-the-effects-on-children. aspx [Accessed 17 November 2011] – Meikle, J (2011) Working mothers do no harm to their young children, research finds. [Online]. Available: http://www. guardian. co. k/lifeandstyle/2011/jul/22/working-mothers-no-harm-children [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Ross, T, Barker, C (2011) New mothers told it's better to go back to work. [Online]. Available: http://www. telegraph. co. uk/family/8652948/New-mothers-told-its-better-to-go-back-to-work. html [Accessed 17 November 2011] – Thompson, R. L (2010) The Kids Are All Right: Few Negative Associations With Moms' Return to Work Soon After Having Children. [Online]. Available: http://www. apa. org/news/press/releases/2010/10/working-mothers. aspx [Accessed 17 November 2011] -Worden, J. W, 4th  ed. , (2010)  Grief Counselling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook

The life of Frederick Douglass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The life of Frederick Douglass - Essay Example Douglas relocated to work for a new owner by the name Sophia Auld. His new master began as a nice and humble woman, but with time turned out to be highly cruel and hateful. This woman started teaching him the alphabet and spelling. However, her husband found out of the alphabet lessons and argued that if slaves know how to read soon they would become hateful and dissatisfied by their status. In the end, they will develop desires for freedom. In this context, Douglass took the argument as an anti-abolitionist statement. The slave would later talk about this on his lectures. Consequently, Douglas decided to undertake self-administered learning. He would ask for a little help from his neighbors. His interest in learning grew to a point where he started purchasing books.The highlight of his slave life is when he got into a physical confrontation with his boss Edward Covey. Covey had a habit of beating up his slaves, and on one day, Douglas fought back at him and beat him up. As a result, this made Covey never to try beating him again. The master feared that it might damage his reputation as a brutal slave owner (Risley 67). This was a real turning point in his slavery life as he earned some respect from his master. From historical information, we find out that before this, his master would administer regular whips to the slave. This made him extremely weak, and one day he collapsed on the field. He then decided that he could no longer face increasing brutality and unfairness in the camp.... In the end, they will develop desires for freedom (Douglas 54). In this context, Douglass took the argument as an anti-abolitionist statement. The slave would later talk about this on his lectures. Consequently, Douglas decided to undertake self-administered learning. In addition, he would ask for a little help from his neighbors. His interest in learning grew to a point where he started purchasing books and other learning materials. The highlight of his slave life is when he got into a physical confrontation with his boss Edward Covey. Covey had a habit of beating up his slaves, and on one day, Douglas fought back at him and beat him up. As a result, this made Covey never to try beating him again. The master feared that it might damage his reputation as a brutal slave owner (Risley 67). This was a real turning point in his slavery life as he earned some respect from his master. From historical information, we find out that before this, his master would administer regular whips to th e slave. This made him extremely weak, and one day he collapsed at the field. He then decided that he could no longer face increasing brutality and unfairness in the camp. In this regard, Douglas opted to fighting back as the only way of earning his respect (Huggins 43). This happened when the slave confronted Covey about an issue, which according to conventional master-slave relationship would warrant a beating as punishment. The fight that ensued was tough, and finally, Douglas turned out victorious. This combat victory was a major turning point in his life. Douglass then started thinking of how he could escape from slavery. Despite substantial efforts, his first attempt was not successful. He had to rethink again. In the process of developing a secondary plan, the slave met

Social Penetration Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Penetration Theory - Essay Example Typically, most of the friendships rarely go past this stage. Thirdly, the relationship moves to the affective stage where private matters are discussed, and arguments may arise. Physical closeness and intimate touching occasion it. After this stage, the relationship graduates to stability. This is the plateau on which private matters are deeply exhibited each of the involved parties can envisage the expressive response of each other (Altman $ Taylor, 1973). Lastly, depenetration may arise if the costs outdo the benefits accruing from the relationship (Altman $ Taylor, 1973). This theory is well illustrated in music lyrics involving a love story line. The artist first introduces the characters and briefly gives a scenario of how they met. He then describes how they developed an interest in each other and superficial interaction, which is not personal. It is inferentially based on discussion of general issues such as education, economy among others. Later, the artist narrates how intimacy grew between the characters and how they handle arguments and criticism. Lastly, the artist climaxes the lyrics by recounting the aftermath of the relationship; that is if the association survived or depenetrated. In applying the theory in the film titled â€Å"Jack Reacher,† the main character, Reacher, approaches Helen, who is an attorney to a murder suspect. Reacher believes that the suspect is innocent and tries to create rapport with the attorney by making a casual appearance in her office.

Slic3r vs Skeinforge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Slic3r vs Skeinforge - Assignment Example It is used in printers to convert 3D model into G-code instructions. Slic3r is a computer tool that is used in printing devices to convert digital 3D instructions into 3D printer (James, Floyd and Patrick 35). It was produced in 2011, and it is unique because is not based in previous. The software is available in packages like Linux, Windows and MacOS X. Our main objective of the study was to determine which software to when performing 3-D printing. Our data was collected using interviews from persons who had an experience with the software’s. Besides that, the software’s were tested in the lab using 3D printers. The data was recorded on table form. On analysis, we found out that the slic3r is the best with 75 % in favor of it. The software has most of i8ts options automated hence simple to use. Skein forge had a dialogue box with so many features that complicates it when using hence not user friendly. Executive Summary In our project, we have compared skein forge and slic3r software’s that are used in printing of 3D objects. With the emergence of new software in the market, it is an ideal moment to get the best software’s for a specific task. It appears that every interest/skill level there is an ideal software package. In software realm, there are software packages for slicing and also software applications for printers. In printing the mostly used packages are skein forge and slic3r. ... Print. 18 Executive Summary In our project, we have compared skein forge and slic3r software’s that are used in printing of 3D objects. With the emergence of new software in the market, it is an ideal moment to get the best software’s for a specific task. It appears that every interest/skill level there is an ideal software package. In software realm, there are software packages for slicing and also software applications for printers. In printing the mostly used packages are skein forge and slic3r. Printer applications utilize the two applications when bidding as they convert files to code. Both skein forge, and slic3r creates code though slight difference in results. The paper highlights the difference between the silc3r and skein forge software and the recommendation of the most appropriate software. The data is analyzed which shows the users of the 2 software, in which Slic3r is mostly used than skein forge. This shows that slic3r has more advantages than skein forge . Our objective was aimed at determining the best software for recommendation especially in business activities. This project is aimed at creating awareness of the difference between skein forge and slic3r software. The project will ensure that the reader can identify the most applicable software. The project will also ensure that business organization can identify the most appropriate software between skein forge and slic3r. Companies, which manage software, will also gain more knowledge about their products. They will be able to explain to customers on how to use the software. The Information technology firms will sell the most appropriate software and attract more customers. Finally, this project helps the student in critical thinking since by discussion of results one gain more knowledge in

Our ideas of what it is to be British have fundamentally altered in Essay

Our ideas of what it is to be British have fundamentally altered in the last fifty years. Discuss - Essay Example British citizenship and nationality is governed by the British nationality law, which can be acquired by a descent from British nationals. In an historical context, British people refer to the ancient Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of the Great Britain (Hall, 2004:108). In essence, this paper will delve the present assertion that the ideas of what it is to be British have fundamentally altered in the last fifty years. The English are ethnic group of people from England, a country of the United Kingdom and commonly known to speak English. They originate from the early mediaeval where old English was spoken. They are the source of English language, the parliamentary systems, the common law system, and the numerous major sports. The Irish people are the ethnic group who originate in Ireland, which is an island in the Northwestern Europe. Descendants of the Irish live in many western countries especially the English speaking countries. Their immigration was caused by politics, famine, and economic issues. The Welsh people are the ethnic group and native of Wales and speak the Welsh language. They are common in the northern and western region. They share a common cultural heritage and shared ancestral origin. The Scottish people are an ethnic group native to Scotland, amalgamation of the Picts and the Gaels. They are tied to their linguistic, culture, family ancestors, and generic nature of origin. Th eir decency in many countries with emigration is attributed to highland and lowland clearances. The notion of the Britishness was shamed during the Napoleonic Wars between the Britian and the first French Empire that later developed further during the Victorian era. Britishness became mixed in much older identities of English, Scots and the Welsh culture with a distinct that resist the notion of a homogenized British identity. Controversies of British identity arise in the Northern Ireland in Leu of the longstanding

Pere Goriot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pere Goriot - Essay Example This novel shows how difficult it can be to maintain a loving relationship in the modern world. Through the character of Eugà ¨ne de Rastignac, it is possible to see that while love is achieved at points in this novel, it is no longer the traditional version of love. It is a new, modern version where certain faults and attitudes must be ignored in order to make things work. One such example of a character who cannot truly love another is Eugà ¨ne de Rastignac, who does not have any interest in the women he pursues, but it rather more interested in improving his position in society. This is shown by the fact that he abruptly halts his pursuit of Madame de Restaud and begins his pursuit of Madame de Nucingen simply because of who the latter’s father is. As the novel progresses, Rastignac does develop true feelings for Delphine. This, however, blinds him to her true character, as she is only involved with him for selfish intentions. He deceives himself into believing that she is not as bad as she seems, but it is clear that she is only involved with him for her own interests and, therefore, does not truly love him. While this relationship does eventually become sincere, it only becomes so because of Rastignac’s decision to ignore all of Delphine’s faults and to love her anyways. This makes the relationship seem somewhat forced, as Ra stignac has to make a decision to love this selfish person, rather than simply looking out for his own good. This could be viewed as a modern form of love, implying that the old love where people are perfect for one another no longer exists. Another character that is affected by Rastignac is Victorine. She is a young girl who falls for the first attractive man who shows interest in her, which is not true love, but is rather based on inexperience. Rastignac does not truly love her, but he leads her on in order to possibly marry her for her father’s money.

Statistical Process Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistical Process Control - Essay Example ld, therefore, ensure that there is use of the most proper management approach, for an effective problem-solving and improvement of the process of production or allowance of service by the company. This ensures that the company runs smoothly without chaos. In this paper, discussion will be made on a U.S based giant company by the name Walmart. This corporation was started in the year 1962, with its first store in Rogers, Arkansas. The corporation started as a small discount retailer but has since expanded internationally. By embracing innovations, the corporation has allowed its customers to shop online. Presently, Walmart operates more than 11,000 retail units in 27 countries and employs 2.2 million associates globally, out of which 1.3 million of the associates come from the U.S alone (Fishman, 2006). Walmart being a large shopping corporation deals in consumer end products ranging from clothing to groceries. Specifically, focus will be given on the entire shopping service that it provides. To increase sales especially in foreign countries, it uses the campaign â€Å"everyday low prices.† This has however not worked in all states. A reference point is what happened in Japan when Walmart bought a share in the Seiyu Company, but the successful strategy of the campaign failed. This is because the shoppers in Japan did not respond like the shoppers in the U.S. The Japanese shoppers associated the low prices with low quality and thus avoiding shopping there. Despite the continued success of Walmart especially in the U.S, there are areas that need to be improved especially in the foreign markets to ensure success globally. The fact that Walmart has failed to replicate its success in some of the foreign markets could be attributed to the lack of the corporation to fine-tune its shopping experience to the local culture. For instance in South Korea, the corporation should have agreed to the needs of the shoppers, who prefer goods in small packages, thereby forcing the

Sound effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sound effects - Essay Example The sound has been edited as dense because it complimented the seriousness of the plotline. Herein, it should be noted that the sources of the film are both outside and original. This has been made in direct accordance of dialogue delivery. I would state that throughout the film, one would note almost all the instruments of orchestra including violin, piano etc (Giannetti, 2010). The language was quiet simplistic with no swearing and coarse expressions. There are a number of dialogues that have been delivered. Few fancy dialogues have been added such as â€Å"Someone reminded me weed is good, now it seems it legal†. There is no narrator as watched in the trailer. However, few dialogues from the film have rather been used as a form of narration to ensure a storyline sneak. The delivery of dialogues has been done by a couple of actors including lead actor and supporting actor. The narrator of the film Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps is partially omniscient in nature. It should be noted that along the storyline, the narrator has been able to comment about the events that take place in the movie one after the other. In addition, dialogues have been bee vividly used to make sure that the mystery of the film is made complex for the audiences so that the interest is kept unaffected. The fact remains that the director and music director have been successful in keep BG for the film. Audiences might also note that there are couples of walla in the film. While watching the trailer of Captain America, it was noticed that the sound effects used in this movie are a combination of hard sounds and background sound effects. This is because, the trailer is showing scenes of weapons firing, auto vehicles driving and rushing by and door slamming. On the other hand, the trailer also shows scenes of Captain America being deployed in jungle with sounds in the background that are not synchronized explicitly with the scene in the trailer. There is also a voiceover

Physical Geography Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Physical Geography Articles - Essay Example This article tries to define sand dune and ripples and the cause-effect relationship. The author argues that sand dunes are result of sand waves which piles up with a particular pattern over a large area mostly of desert. However, the article shows that bedforms that result to such land forms are not only caused by wind but any other fluid. It is therefore important to note that climate factor which in turn influences movement of wind and water is responsible for the various landforms that characterize Earth surface. The central idea of the article is that Dunes and ripples are considered bedforms. Increasing changes in global climate has significant effect on various land forms. The deserts are particularly in danger as temperatures plummets and humidity dwindles. The little vegetation that covers desert landforms is at the brink of complete elimination. In other words, deserts that already have scanty vegetation cover are likely to be transformed to bare land. This would lead to other features like sand dunes among others. Besides, the trend in the desert change is closely associated with rising water levels due to increasing global temperature that melts ice. This article therefor offers an insight into the complex consequences of climate change of various landforms. This article centers on the unforeseen benefits of global warming as the ice melts. The Glacial melt constitute shift of more iron deposits which are seen as facilitating growth of phytoplankton. These phytoplankton in turn help in absorbing excess carbon dioxide with marginal reduction in greenhouse effect. This fertilization observation is attributed to the silver lining that can be observed on glacial landscapes. The author of the article therefore offers an insight into the existing relationship between physical geography and climate

Management of Information System Essay Example for Free

Management of Information System Essay Supply chain management is the general, strategic interaction of the business functions within a particular firm and throughout businesses within the supply chain with the aim of improving the long-term performance of individual firm and the supply chain as a whole. The functions of logistics are key operating elements of a firm that need design and management agreeable with corporate strategy and changing competitive scenarios. The functions of purchasing focus on various processes such as contract writing, buying, demand planning, budgeting, supplier base and vendor management, and customer relationships. A firm may execute an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in order to automate its inventory management as well as sales and order process, including the related approval process. The ERP system is an extension of manufacturing resource planning and material requirements planning (MRP) systems, which link a firm’s demand side with its supply side by categorizing demand into requirements for components and parts. The ERP system provides a complete set of supply chain functionalities, including the planning and implementation of marketing activities, inventory and shop floor management and the potential of authorizing ordering and receiving to the end-user. It has also the capability of Internet integration and enterprise application integration through customized interfaces and XML. Customer relationship management analytics are capable of determining the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, projecting customer trends, identifying unprofitable clients, up-sell opportunities and clients who are likely to defect, measuring the effectiveness of incentive programs to meet overall sales goals, monitoring the performance of the sales staff, distributing resources in terms of customer needs and value, analyzing the cost-to-service ratio per client segment, and delivering the more suitable levels of customer service. Reference . Themistocleous, Marinos (2005). Enterprise Resource Planning and Enterprise Application Integration. United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited.

Fashion Culture Essay Example for Free

Fashion Culture Essay Fashion is a general term for a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, body piercing or furniture. Fashion refers to a distinctive; however, often-habitual trend in a look and dress up of a person, as well as to prevailing styles in behavior. Fashion usually is the newest creations made by designers and are bought by only a few number of people; however, often those fashions are translated into more established trends. [1] The more technical term, costume, has become so linked in the public eye with the term fashion that the more general term costume has in popular use mostly been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while the term fashion means clothing generally, and the study of it. For a broad cross-cultural look at clothing and its place in society, refer to the entries for clothing, costume, and fabrics. A. Couture Beginnings The first fashion designer who was not merely a dressmaker was Charles Frederick Worth (1826–1895). Before the former draper set up his maison de couture (fashion house) in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, and high fashion descended from styles worn at royal courts. Worths success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. B. Early Twentieth Century Throughout the early 20th century, practically all high fashion originated in Paris and to a lesser extent London. Fashion magazines from other countries sent editors to the Paris fashion shows. Department stores sent buyers to the Paris shows, where they purchased garments to copy (and openly stole the style lines and trim details of others). Both made-to-measure salons and ready-to-wear departments featured the latest Paris trends, adapted to the stores assumptions about the lifestyles and pocket books of their targeted customers. 1990s * The outfits worn by the fashionable women of the Belle Époque (as this  era was called by theFrench) were strikingly similar to those worn in the heyday of the fashion pioneer Charles Worth. By the end of the 19th-century, the horizons of the fashion industry had generally broadened, partly due to the more stable and independent lifestyle many well-off women were beginning to adopt and the practical clothes they demanded. However, the fashions of the La Belle Époque still retained the elaborate, upholstered, hourglass-shaped style of the 19th century. As of yet, no fashionable lady could (or would) dress or undress herself without the assistance of a third party. The constant need for radical change, which is now essential for the survival of fashion within the present system, was still literally unthinkable. The use of different trimmings were all that distinguished one season from the other. 1910s * During the early years of the 1910s the fashionable silhouette became much more lithe, fluid and soft than in the 19th century. When the Ballets Russes performedScheherazade in Paris in 1910, a craze for Orientalism ensued. The couturier Paul Poiret was one of the first designers to translate this vogue into the fashion world. Poirets clients were at once transformed into harem girls in flowing pantaloons, turbans, and vivid colors and geishas in exotic kimono. Paul Poiret also devised the first outfit which women could put on without the help of a maid. The Art Deco movement began to emerge at this time and its influence was evident in the designs of many couturiers of the time. Simple felt hats, turbans, and clouds of tulle replaced the styles of headgear popular in the 20th century. It is also notable that the first real fashion shows were organized during this period in time, by Jeanne Paquin, one of the first female couturiers, who was also the first Parisian couturier to open foreign branches in London, Buenos Aires, and Madrid.

Traditional Budgeting and Budgetary Controls Weaknesses

Traditional Budgeting and Budgetary Controls Weaknesses This answer briefs the practice of budgets in two entirely different businesses; one in a very stable and static market place and the other in a very dynamic, rapidly changing, innovative environment. Budgeting and budgetary control is commonly used in a traditional manner by most business entities in the world in spite of its manifold limitations. In a fast changing business environment, traditional budgeting need not be the only budgeting approach to be exercised in a company. There are quite a few alternatives like Zero-Based Budgeting, Beyond budgeting, Activity-Based Budgeting, etc. which are much beneficial and rewarding for a business entity. Budget A budget is a plan, expressed in financial and/or more generally quantitative terms, which extends forward for a period into the future (Gowthorpe, 2003) . A traditional budget is usually prepared by reviewing past years budget and actual expenses, with addition or deduction towards extra business activities or reduced business activities planned and also by effecting changes towards changing factors, such as growth, inflation etc It is basically to tie managers to predetermined actions in order to achieve the planned budget. It is usually based on organizational hierarchy and centralized leadership . Benefits of traditional budgeting and budgetary controls are :- Income of budget period can be matched against budget period expenses to know whether operations will result in profit and how much profit. Actual performance can be compared with budget to know variances so that corrective actions can be taken. Budget based reports facilitates assessment of costs of goods and services provided and accomplishments of the business entity. Problems associated with traditional budgeting and budgetary controls are :- It is futile to predict what will happen in the next 12 months Serven (cited in Banham, 2000) argued, The customary system of trying to accurately predict what will happen in 12 months and budgeting accordingly is an exercise in futility. Most budgetary processes are costly and inefficient. It takes a long time to complete and by the time it is completed, it becomes no longer applicable as business environment has changed. According to Stewart (2004), there are ten reasons why budget cause problem, as shown below. Though traditional budgeting have many weaknesses, but most companies still rely on it because of its unchallenged position in the top division of accepted management practices (Hope Fraser, 1999). Therefore many companies now seek to find alternatives of traditional budgeting, even some attempt to abandon it. However, it is widely delieved by analysts that as many as half the companies that attempt the overhaul become so exhausted they give up and go back to traditional approach (Banham, 2000). Traditional Budgeting in Dynamic Business In a business that operates in a very dynamic, rapidly changing, and innovative environment, traditional budgeting is inappropriate to exercise. Budget is a barrier for the business because the vibrant market demands flexibility, fast response, innovation, process improvement, customer focus, and shareholder value (Daum, 2001). And it is the limitation of the traditional budgeting not to be able to fulfil these demands. The dynamic driven business should keep up with the change and adaptive to recent development to achieve success. Hence Beyond Budgeting approach introduced. Daum (2001) argued that, The Beyond Budgeting Model is designed to overcome traditional barriers and to create a flexible, adaptable organization that gives your local managers the self-confidence and freedom to think differently, make decisions rapidly, and collaborate on innovative projects with colleagues in multifunctional teams both within your company and across its borders. Exercising beyond budgeting may have become the turnaround for many companies of their budgeting problems. Beyond budgeting is about a performance management system, made up of a series of interdependent and interlocking process (Verlag, 2005). The objective is to create an adaptive system to the real world that ideally develops the business plan from the environment, i.e. growth of markets, performance of competitors, etc. Then, instead of trying to meet a negotiated number in the budget, business should try to beat this performance standard (Verlag, 2005). Thus it would not make managers feel undervalued. The process of beyond budgeting is portrayed in 12 principles of Beyond Budgeting (BBRT, 2005). The first six process principles is concerning performance management systems that allows employees to response faster to customer needs and competitive environment. The second six leadership principles provide a decentralization framework of responsibility to employees to facilitate them adapting quickly to potential events and improves their relative performance. Beyond budgeting can be exercised successfully by applying these principles and the business can be adaptive to the rapidly changing environment. 12 principles of Beyond Budgeting Beyond Budgeting Process Principles Targets Set aspirational goals based on continuous relative improvement not fixed targets Rewards Base rewards on relative performance with hindsight not on meeting fixed targets Planning Make planning an inclusive and continuous process not an annual event Resources Make resources available on demand not through annual budget allocations Coordination Coordinate cross company actions dynamically not though annual plans and budgets Controls Base controls on KPIs, trends and relative indicators not variances against plan Beyond Budgeting Leadership Principles Governance Base governance on clear values and boundaries not on detailed rules and budgets Performance Build a high performance culture based on relative success not on meeting targets Freedom to act Devolve decision making authority to frontline teams dont micro-manage them Accountability Create a network of small units accountable for results not centralized hierarchies Customer focus Focus everyone on improving customer outcomes not on meeting internal targets Information Promote open and shared information dont restrict it to those who need to know The benefits of beyond budgeting is it will examine targets, strategies, action plans, forecasts and management reports. Comparisons might also be made against competitors and past-year performance. It will concentrate on the key drivers of business performance. The purpose is to be alert and take advantage of new opportunities and respond to potential threats by using an advanced information system to make decisions early. Speed of action and good decisions are the result of beyond budgeting. (Hope Fraser, 1999) The major change required by beyond budgeting will raise some resistance to change (Verlag, 2005). Organisations will differ in scale, culture and business context. It would be challenging to demonstrate to key stakeholders that control can still be achieved without a budget (Max, 2005). Beyond budgeting may raise issues such as doubt of loosening control, giving front-line people decision-making authority, and trusting people to act in the best interest of the business that is not easy change to contemplate (Hope Fraser, 1999). However if these issues can be handled, the business may gain success in long term. For example, the companies that have successfully practised beyond budgeting and abandoned the traditional budgeting system are Volvo (one of Europes most profitable car manufacturers), IKEA (the worlds largest furniture manufacturer and retailer), etc. (Hope Fraser, 1999). Many organizations that have gone beyond budgeting found that their performance has improved once the budgeting process was abandoned in favour of more relative and adaptive means of planning, evaluating performance and control (Stewart, 2004). Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB). Although beyond budgeting is the most updated method, but not all companies can adapt to it. Thus the other alternative for the dynamic driven business is Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB). It aims to generate a budget from activities and resources of the company . A financial budget is prepared after preparation of an operationally feasible budget. Advantages of ABB approach. It facilitates better product, process, or activity costing and decision making, and better resource allocation to support organizational priorities. It identifies capacity issues and makes adjustment earlier in the budgeting process than under traditional budgeting which does not track resource consumption patterns. It enriches managers ability to respond to contingencies and also improves performance measurement, evaluation, and decision making (Hansen, Otley, et all., 2003). Thus, ABB can be a proper alternative for the dynamic company since it will provide more accurate analysis to quickly forecast the next budget compared to the traditional budgeting. However, ABB is not without problems. According to Barret (2003), ABB can be difficult to understand about the rules relating outputs to resources and costs. Consequently business managers tend to be doubtful of the approach. Although ABB directly relates increase in the volume of an output with increases in certain activities, it does not help in linking activities with resources. Thus any application of one of these alternatives, whether it is beyond budgeting or ABB, must be considered thoroughly subject to the business current condition. Traditional Budgeting in Static Business In a business that operates in a very stable and static market place, where there is slight change in either products or demand every year, traditional budgeting still can be appropriate (Daum, 2001). Static business would not need to take a risk to change their invariable budgetary plan as it would cost higher and consume more time than usual. However if this condition continuously persisted, the business will never develop more than its current position. It could lead to boredom for the employees who seek for challenge. As it is argued by Hope Fraser (1999), Budgets are well known for reinforcing the command and control culture, constraining freedom and autonomy, and stifling the very challenges that excite prospective managers. As an alternative to the static business, Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) is introduced. ZBB refers to proposals by Pyhrr (1973); Cheek (1977) et al. to modify the traditional budgeting process in organizations in which budgeting is an incremental process in relation to the prior years actual expenditures. The proposed ZBB process requires each manager to justify the budget request approximating the organizational functions were starting from ground zero. It entails clarifying the goals of an organizational unit as well as identifying the functions and projects it proposes to perform in order to achieve its goals. These activities are then ranked in order of importance (Flamholtz, 1983). Basically it is a systematic logical approach to allocate limited resources where they will be best used. Benefits of ZBB are cost saving, improving services, increase self-discipline in developing budget, reduce the entitlement mentality with respect to cost increases and make budget discussions more meaningful during review sessions (LaFaive, 2003). On the contrary ZBB also can cause problems for example, may increase the time and expense of preparing budget, may be too radical a solution for the task at hand, and can make matters worse if not conducted accordingly. Moreover a substantial commitment must be made by all sectors involved to ensure that the change is followed through (LaFaive, 2003). ZBB is recommended for the static businesses in order to improve performance. It can be useful for shaking up a process that may have grown stale and counterproductive over time (LaFaive, 2003). Variance analysis is still the most common tools to calculate the mismatch between the planned budget and the actual performance. Based on the survey by Sulaiman, Ahmad Alwi (2005), the common practice among local Japanese (about 71%) and local Malaysian companies (about 64%) is to investigate variances only when the variance exceeds a certain percentage. This is a typical characteristic of traditional budgeting. However it is inadequate to be used in today modern business. Thus Ramsey (1999) introduced diagnostic variance analysis, where budget variances are analysed in terms of the activity-based components that make up the variance, and evaluated in light of overall business performance. As a result of this analysis, the underlying cause of the variance is revealed, providing the necessary business insight to support strategic decisions. In conclusion, traditional approach cannot be abandoned completely. Budgeting is still very important in the company and need serious attention in the organization in spite of its complication (France, 2006). Zero-Based Budgeting and Activity-Based Budgeting are only improvement of traditional approach. In a dynamic driven business that evolve in rapidly changing environment like today modern business ambience, beyond budgeting can be the suitable alternative with proper handling in the organization. As for the static business, ZZB can assist the breakthrough in the organization so that the business will develop more and achieve success in the future.

Achieving Dreams :: essays research papers

â€Å"If you can imagine it, you can achieve it. If you can dream it, you can become it†. As the saying goes by William A. Ward. I am sure that you have understood the topic, the topic is, DREAMS. Dreams are nothing but the thoughts and ideas of ones mind. They predict the character of the person. If ones thoughts are good they he/she will see good dreams and if someone’s thoughts are bad they he/she will se bad dreams. From the above line it is clear that dreams are good or bad, intentions of people. All of us dream, several times at night. It is believed by some that we sleep in order that we may dream. Dreams can come true if somebody makes them true, as the saying goes, â€Å"A dream is just a dream, unless you make it come true†. Dreams provide us the actual picture of our thoughts. Dreams may tell us about any physical event which took place with us or which is going to happen with us. The dream is trying to inform the dreamer about his condition in any walk of life. Basically, we can dream about anything logical or illogical, fictious or non-fictious and reasonable or unreasonable. Dreams can often give some people good ideas, which they could not imagine. It is said that Robert Louis Stevenson got his idea for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from a dream. But some people think that they are not able to apply these ideas in their life so there is a well-known saying about them which says that: â€Å"IF YOU CAN DREAM IT, YOU CAN DO IT†. Mean to say that whatever one watches in dream he/she should try to implement it in his/her personal life and if that idea is good one that one should also pass it to others and also ask them to implement it on their lives as well. In somebody’s darkest or boring hour, dream can give somebody hope, courage and determination to some creative work which somebody has not done before. All successful people are big dreamers. They imagine what their future could be ideal or bad. Generally, everybody in this world dreams, but everybody has not aggressiveness to work out on the ideas that they got in their dream. Achieving Dreams :: essays research papers â€Å"If you can imagine it, you can achieve it. If you can dream it, you can become it†. As the saying goes by William A. Ward. I am sure that you have understood the topic, the topic is, DREAMS. Dreams are nothing but the thoughts and ideas of ones mind. They predict the character of the person. If ones thoughts are good they he/she will see good dreams and if someone’s thoughts are bad they he/she will se bad dreams. From the above line it is clear that dreams are good or bad, intentions of people. All of us dream, several times at night. It is believed by some that we sleep in order that we may dream. Dreams can come true if somebody makes them true, as the saying goes, â€Å"A dream is just a dream, unless you make it come true†. Dreams provide us the actual picture of our thoughts. Dreams may tell us about any physical event which took place with us or which is going to happen with us. The dream is trying to inform the dreamer about his condition in any walk of life. Basically, we can dream about anything logical or illogical, fictious or non-fictious and reasonable or unreasonable. Dreams can often give some people good ideas, which they could not imagine. It is said that Robert Louis Stevenson got his idea for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from a dream. But some people think that they are not able to apply these ideas in their life so there is a well-known saying about them which says that: â€Å"IF YOU CAN DREAM IT, YOU CAN DO IT†. Mean to say that whatever one watches in dream he/she should try to implement it in his/her personal life and if that idea is good one that one should also pass it to others and also ask them to implement it on their lives as well. In somebody’s darkest or boring hour, dream can give somebody hope, courage and determination to some creative work which somebody has not done before. All successful people are big dreamers. They imagine what their future could be ideal or bad. Generally, everybody in this world dreams, but everybody has not aggressiveness to work out on the ideas that they got in their dream.

Things They Carried Essay: American Heroes -- Things They Carried Essa

The Things They Carried: American Heroes "Speaking of Courage" in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried, is more than a story about a soldier's personal experience of the Vietnam War. It is more than a story about his fight for his country, God, and fellow soldiers, and not to mention his return home. "Speaking of Courage" is not only an allegorical story about the disconnection between Vietnam and the rest of the world, but also an allegory about the disconnection between the soldiers and the life they once led. Norman Bowker's flashback of Song Tra Bong, sets up the story for cultural analysis. The monsoon signifies the war as a whole, as it causes violence to spill over the entire world. Over time the monsoon causes the mud to act as quicksand, sucking in everything it touches. Like the monsoon, the war causes men to be drafted to fight for their country. The mama-sans yelling at the soldiers to get out of the muddy field represents the world being against the war. America is protesting and rioting for the war to be called off, but the soldiers are ordered to do their job, just as Lieutenant Jimmy Cross orders the men to stay on the muddy field. Once the men discover that the field is a shit field, it is obvious that the shit field symbolizes the political involvement in the war. The politics of the world start the war, and they order men to go out and fix the shit by fighting one another. When Kiowa begins to sink in the horrible slime, all Bowker can do is watch. This not only signifies the men being drafted into war, but also the men being killed one by one. The soldiers of the war face death every day and they know that, in an instant, they could be the next to die. Bowker; however, ... ... Bowker almost won the Silver Star symbolizes how America did not win the Vietnam War, nor did they loose. O' Brien uses July 4th, Independence Day, as the date of Bowker's return home to signify America's lack of pride for not living up to their heroic reputation. At the end of the story, Bowker watches and even enjoys the firework show over the lake. The fireworks symbolize the end of the war and a new beginning. Bowker's enjoyment denotes the soldiers blending in with society once again. Tim O'Brien's story, "Speaking of Courage," is an allegory that opens up the hearts of soldiers. O'Brien's use of metaphor allows the reader to relate on a personal level with the soldiers of the war. Men who fight for their country and die on the battlefield are more than just a number or a casualty. These men all have a bond that most of the world does not understand. Things They Carried Essay: American Heroes -- Things They Carried Essa The Things They Carried: American Heroes "Speaking of Courage" in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried, is more than a story about a soldier's personal experience of the Vietnam War. It is more than a story about his fight for his country, God, and fellow soldiers, and not to mention his return home. "Speaking of Courage" is not only an allegorical story about the disconnection between Vietnam and the rest of the world, but also an allegory about the disconnection between the soldiers and the life they once led. Norman Bowker's flashback of Song Tra Bong, sets up the story for cultural analysis. The monsoon signifies the war as a whole, as it causes violence to spill over the entire world. Over time the monsoon causes the mud to act as quicksand, sucking in everything it touches. Like the monsoon, the war causes men to be drafted to fight for their country. The mama-sans yelling at the soldiers to get out of the muddy field represents the world being against the war. America is protesting and rioting for the war to be called off, but the soldiers are ordered to do their job, just as Lieutenant Jimmy Cross orders the men to stay on the muddy field. Once the men discover that the field is a shit field, it is obvious that the shit field symbolizes the political involvement in the war. The politics of the world start the war, and they order men to go out and fix the shit by fighting one another. When Kiowa begins to sink in the horrible slime, all Bowker can do is watch. This not only signifies the men being drafted into war, but also the men being killed one by one. The soldiers of the war face death every day and they know that, in an instant, they could be the next to die. Bowker; however, ... ... Bowker almost won the Silver Star symbolizes how America did not win the Vietnam War, nor did they loose. O' Brien uses July 4th, Independence Day, as the date of Bowker's return home to signify America's lack of pride for not living up to their heroic reputation. At the end of the story, Bowker watches and even enjoys the firework show over the lake. The fireworks symbolize the end of the war and a new beginning. Bowker's enjoyment denotes the soldiers blending in with society once again. Tim O'Brien's story, "Speaking of Courage," is an allegory that opens up the hearts of soldiers. O'Brien's use of metaphor allows the reader to relate on a personal level with the soldiers of the war. Men who fight for their country and die on the battlefield are more than just a number or a casualty. These men all have a bond that most of the world does not understand.

Ethical Norms of Medical Research Essay -- Pharmaceutical Industry, Br

Branding, according to Parry, is to create a new thinking of the product to customers in the unique way so that the product can compete to others. And, in the pharmaceutical industry, branding is not only creating the new thinking of product, but also defining the best treatment for particular condition. If done so, the condition branding has numerous benefits because it creates consensus internally and externally. Internal consensus which is the activities focus on the problem and solution between brand managers and clinic so that the product can be maximized investment. Beside that, external consensus creates the better relationship between the owner and the clinical community to approach therapeutics (1). However, Fishman argued that branding leads to good sales and profits because the clinical trial researchers are position themselves as mediator between producers, pharmaceutical companies, and consumer, that are clinicians and patients, and they act like experts in that field. Therefore, the researchers create faithfulness to consumer, and in turn branding increase sales (12). As a mediator, researchers involve in the benefit of branding. Somehow, there is a conflict in their role between their benefit and the ethical norm of medical research. Fishman may be right when she implied that the ethical norm of medical research is driven by marketable drugs and marketable diagnoses. Let take a look in the process of how the drugs develop and bring to the market. First of all, the drug which is developed should meet the condition that can treat for disease with certain amount of patients, and then academic medical researchers are person who collect the clinical data, will mediate with FDA to get approval guideline for new drugs; ... ...cluded that With the increasing public†private arrangements being brokered between industry and academia, these ethical issues only become more entangled. Conventional medical ethics is unequipped to deal with these questions. Business ethics is likewise unable to accommodate the particular responsibilities of the biomedical project. The chasm left in between is where the academic researcher now treads, guided only by professional conventions and a growing entrepreneurialism and commercialism in medicine.(24). It may be strict if we say that the drugs market now needs to be control seriously and let the scientist be independent with their research because when drugs consider as other commodity, then patient become as customer not a patient. The patients need to be treated with medical ethical norm so that they can feel they are in treatment with good condition.

Importance of Descipline in Life Essay

Discipline means abiding by, or adhering to, certain rules or norms of social life. Discipline is what a person imposes on himself taking it as his duty to God, to society, or to some other institution. It remands a strict control over an individual’s rights and privilege, which if allowed swelling uncurbed and unregulated may result in disorder and anarchy in social and political life of a country. Discip ¬line is vital to a successful life. Without discipline army is reduced to a disordered mob, democracy degenerates into monocracy and social life becomes chaotic and anarchical. Nature provides the best example of discipline in life. In nature all the planets move in their orbit; the seasons change in accordance with a set order, day and night follow each other at regular intervals, Man must take lessons from Nature. Our life should be punctuated with discipline. Discipline is of prime importance in every sphere of man’s life. In a family, members have to work as a cohesive team under the charge of the ‘Pater families’ i. e. , the father or the bread-winner. But if the sense of discipline is not instilled into the minds of the members, each going his own way in his own manner, life in the family becomes a living hell, in our social life, we are required to follow certain norms of behavior and make a harmonious adjustment between our rights and duties. Without this our social life will become a mess and will soon go out of gear. Even in small day-to-day things like walking along the road, boarding a bus, buying a ticket from the counter or doing, or getting a work done in a govern ¬ment office, citizens must show a sense of discipline. Discipline is the backbone of the political life of a nation. If a political party is torn by internal rife or differences, or if it suffers from groupies or indiscipline, it cannot commend any prestige or following of the common man. If a leader is undisciplined, he cannot even dream of becoming a beloved leader of the people. Discipline and democracy go hand in hand. Democracy necessitates a balance between rights and duties, between ‘self-regarding actions’ and ‘other regarding actions’. But if in a democracy discipline is lacking, it will function like a fast running automobile without brakes. It is bound to result in chaos, and be replaced by a dictatorship or a totalitarian government sooner or later. Discipline is necessary both for the teacher and the students. A teacher is the leader of his charges; He must possess and main ¬tain an intellectual and moral discipline of a high order. However learned and scholarly a teacher may be, but if in his personal life he leads an undisciplined life, he will never be able to win and com ¬mand the respect and obedience of students. Similarly, only a dedi ¬cated and disciplined student can carve out a brilliant career for himself and serve the motherland. Wanton indulgence in indiscipline, strikes, demonstrations, drug-addiction, beating up of teachers in examinations, molestation of girls, boycotting classes, defying the authorities and fighting pitched battles with the police, which has become the bane of student life in free India of today are, in a way, the negation of the-very theme and purpose of the student life. Dis ¬ciplined students are the pillars of a nation’s strength and with their strength of character they can lift a nation to the great heights of progress. Some people entertain the erroneous belief that discipline is a constraint on liberty and self-fulfillment. They are averse to disciplined and they reach very sharply whenever some restrictions are im ¬posed. This is not correct. This type of freedom degenerates into license. We must realize that discipline alone can ensure all-round progress and advancement of the country. In fact, discipline is the basic principle behind the progress and smooth working of an individual and a nation. It is essential for the preservation of social values. But discipline should be inborn and self-imposed rather than externally imposed.

Captain America as a Rhetorical Superhero Essay

half(a) of the individual we do is an impression of the ones we admire. increase up in the United States any child has someone they look up to. This well-nigh likely is an individual that represents triumph and the values we be taught to respect. Super whizes turn in of all time served as something straightforward in our lives beca call they irritate us want to help the initiation and sense like we bottomland do anything. Superheroes represent qualities that we should all attempt to em sensual structure. What maitre d the States truly represents can be interpreted in objet darty ways, single if there are messages cosmos conveyed.The authors of captain the States The First Avengers use magniloquence to express the social ideology that being a hero is non just how salubrious you are, only if what values and moral philosophy you live your life by. professional the States was created through a technological look into on the capabilities of the hu composition b ody. Dr. Erskine developed a serum that improves boththing in the human body to help the Allied forces against the Nazis. He was expectation for the perfect candidate to create the flawless warrior a man that exhibited opportune natural qualities, mental purviews and personality traits.They chose Steve Rodgers, the complete resister of a physical specimen, but the optimum mental applicant. He was fortitudeous, remark fitting, kind, compassionate and a patriot. He was only a man difficult to fight for his country in its time of need. These were the main traits Erskine was looking for. The serum would take care of everything physical, but would only improve upon his personality traits. Any of the recruits could have been chosen and became superhuman but they were not the outperform fit. plot the serum does take aim anyone have super human abilities, it as hearty as amplifies every trait of a person even the negatives.This was the result for the first audition on Johann whose greed aggression and selfishness were amplified. Dr. Erskine explains it well(p) in the motion-picture show The serum amplifies everything that is inside. So, good becomes great. Bad becomes worse. This is why you were chosen. Because a strong man, who has known power all his life, pass on lose respect for that power. But a timid man knows the value of strength. And knows compassion. He is assureing that a regnant man that becomes to a greater extent than powerful would be sedate in this situation.Steve was given the treatment and because of whom he was became the superhero skipper America and not some other villain. professional America can be seen as one of the most American super heroes there is. A weak man, looking completely emaciated, becomes the perfect name of a man. He grows in height, size, and strength. He becomes the ideal heterosexual superhero. Steve comes from nothing, a nice guy from Brooklyn, and becomes perfection. He gains superhuman power, sec ureness and abilities, but lighten represents the honor equal to(p) morals we are supposed to embody as a country.This is why he was chosen, and this is in like manner why he is so powerful. Steve represents the handsome, courageous, powerful and self-sacrificing American hero that galore(postnominal) grew up admiring. It can be argued that Captain America represents the American mindset that values, morals, courage, assiduity and intelligence are more than worthy than pure strength. I believe this is the imbedded oddment of the film. The writer does well to illustrate this message. along with other recent superhero manageion movies the bearing is to entertain an audience, and obviously to profit.The film could be improved in a fewer ways but is definitely pretty entertaining. Inlaid with these purposes a message from the writers to the viewing audience can be seen. The creators try to throw out the peach to look past the physical driven society that we live in, and sweep our personal strengths. That becoming a hero is not exclusively based on strength and physicality, but our personality, intelligence, morals and values. For pause of this central idea to be conveyed sense is use. The writers use of shame goes a long way to dedicate to the central idea.For this to be advantageful, Steve had to be lessened and then empathized by the audience in the beginning he could become great. The author does well to rise him as courageous, but helpless. In the opening film he defends the honor of the armed forces in the movie theater. This gets him into a fight and a beating from a much larger man. He does not back down from the man but is vote out until his friend jumps in. Right aft(prenominal) this Steve is shown in his scrawny form trying to enlist where the folder displays how many flaws he has. In boot camp he is again shown as subpar in stature and strength.It enables the viewers to interest to feeling insignificant and unworthy, or just ordinary. Once he is broken down it gives the chance for him to overcome everything. This aspect encourages the spectators that anyone can become a hero. Pathos is used to elaborate on the values that Captain America represents. He represents courage and sacrifice in the scene where he dives on top of the lifeless grenade to save the squad and also when he haphazardly invades to rescue the POW. The topper framework of this is the last scene of the movie where Steve wing the plane into the ice in high society to save the city.He wanted more than anything to continue his relationship with Peggy but gives that up for a better chance at saving everyone. Everyone can relate to him when they say goodbye over the radio. This makes the viewers relate to him and feel like they could be in the same position. All of this emotional apostrophize also serves another purpose. It points to the fact the Steve is still human after(prenominal) the experiment. The creator make sure to maintain th is human link to compassion. His love affair with Peggy helps get to this throughout the movie.He never loses touch with his rack and his feeling of responsibility towards the rescue of his best friend is an example of this. The human aspect keeps the audience relating to Captain America so they feel they might be able to become a superhero based on their mental strengths. The writer maintains this human society so the viewer does not feel alienated from the social ideology. The cast of Captain America contributes to the credibility of the movie. With stars such as Tommy Lee Jones, Chris Evans and Samuel L.Jackson the film is viewed with more legitimacy. Another specific casing where ethos is used is the implication of Stark Industries from the Iron bit series. Tony Starks father is brought in to play a small case. This can be seen as reaffirming the social bulge out at hand. By presenting another superhero, (or informant to that of) that used his intelligence to develop su perpowers instead than natural born strength, it supports this idea. Alluding to all the wonderment movies establishes more standing, which is a trend in many of these movies.The writers use of logos helps create a more believable atmosphere for this linguistic rulely marvelous story. The story is set in humanness War II Nazi Germany. The viewer can find this recognizable and become more wrapped up in the story. They know the situation in europium and begin to connect the dots. Anyone that knows a bantam about World War II can connect the fact that Hitler was probably the biggest supporter of technological advances during the war. All of the rural properties of the movie become a weeny more reasonable when related to Hitler in this time period.The logos help establish a familiar setting make the story subliminally more believable frankincense making the social message more believable. Like most superheroes Captain America is the epitome of the heterosexual stereotype afte r the experiment. The chamber opens to show his now delude body all oiled up. He resembles a competition bodybuilder on stage covered in Vaseline to show even more muscle tone. While the central idea behind the movie was how physical strength is not as important, the producers still portray him as a sexual figure.He stands for Americas hegemonic muscularity. Then generally women become attracted to him and most men want to be him. Captain America is full of symbols that contribute to what he represents in this movie. The fact that his uniform is red, white, and grim makes him represent the good of the country. Steve embodies all the attributes that are seen as favorable among our society as he represents the country. The shield may be seen as different things, but I feel as if it represents Steves courage for one, and also his average joe appeal.A normal soldier might be able to have some of the same success equipped with and assault rifle and every resource made available by the army but Captain America doesnt need that. All he needs is himself, a pistol and a shield. Captain America serves as a message to people that anyone can be a hero and that the physical aspect is not as important as values and personality traits. Superhero stories operate to endow and encourage the readers to better themselves and to do the best with what they are given. Rhetoric in this instance is used to convey these important messages. Superheroes act as a great role model and example for us all.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Nine

TyrionSomewhere in the great stone maze of Winterfell, a wolf howled. The sound hung over the castle like a flag of mourning.Tyrion Lannister looked up from his books and shivered, though the library was snug and warm. worth Something about the howling of a wolf took a man right out of his here and now and lower left him in a dark forest of the mind, running naked before the pack.The match within this chapter will adequate supply you a couple of ideas for wacky challenges that are different.Tyrion Lannister was not due much a one for sleeping.His legs were stiff and sore as he eased down off the bench. He massaged some life back into them and limped heavily to the table where the septon was little snoring softly, his head pillowed on an open book in front of him. Tyrion glanced at the title.Game of Thrones has turned out to be the most booming app thus far of HBO.

See that you return the books to the shelves. Be gentle with the Valyrian scrolls, the parchment is very dry. Ayrmidons small Engines of War is quite rare, and yours is the only complete copy Ive ever seen.† Chayle gaped at him, still half-asleep.Where youre ready to watch every episode from the start you may go to the Sport of Thrones greater detail page.Sandor Cleganes rasping voice drifted up to him. â€Å"The boy is a long time dying. I last wish he would be quicker about it.†Tyrion glanced down and saw the Hound standing with young Joffrey as squires swarmed around them.Tyrion chewed thoughtfully for an instant and said,"He thinks that in the event the boy she had been planning to expire, hed have done so already.

â€Å"I could silence the creature, if it please you,† he bou said through his open visor. His boy placed a longsword in his hand. He tested the low weight of it, slicing at the cold morning air. Behind him, the yard rang to the brazen clangor of steel on steel.Tyrion specifically appears to be conscious of this very simple fact.â€Å"I beg to differ, nephew,† he said. â€Å"The Starks empty can count past six. Unlike some princes I might name.†Joffrey had the grace at least to blush.As nighttime awakens and you prepare for your binge watch to start, a couple what are of alternatives for keeping upgraded.

â€Å"Down here.†The tall man peered down at the ground, and pretended to notice him. â€Å"The little lord Tyrion,† he said. â€Å"My pardons.The show was adapted in the HBO series Game.†Joffrey looked as petulant as only a boy prince can look. â€Å"What good will my comfort do them?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"None,† Tyrion said. â€Å"Yet it is expected of you. Your absence has been noted.It will be useful within the next chapter, when youre control Mors again.

â€Å"One word,† Tyrion said, â€Å"and I will hit you again.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Im going to tell Mother!† Joffrey exclaimed.Tyrion hit him again. Now both cheeks flamed.Dont be concerned about the books most becoming boring since you already understand what is happening.Then he turned and fled headlong from the yard, holding his cheek. Tyrion watched fear him run.A shadow fell across his face. He turned to find Clegane looming overhead such like a cliff.This ebook given away to other people or might not be re-sold.

The helm turned longer his laugh into a hollow rumble.â€Å"I pray he does,† Tyrion Lannister replied. â€Å"If he forgets, be a good dog and remind him.† He glanced around the courtyard.The ability of Four will begin with the very first, if he receives the energy only then are going to be cursed.The man did have a temper.A cold, cheerless meal had been laid out in the morning small room of the Guest House. Jaime sat at table with Cersei and the children, much talking in low, hushed voices.â€Å"Is Robert still abed?† Tyrion asked as he seated himself, uninvited, at the table.You can even become involved in the feedback procedure.

† â€Å"He has a large heart, our Robert,† Jaime said with a lazy smile. how There was very little that Jaime took seriously. Tyrion knew that about his brother, and forgave it. During all the terrible long years of his childhood, only Jaime had ever shown him the smallest measure of affection or respect, and for that Tyrion was willing to forgive him most anything.It free will get you thinking about what you ought to do, and quit doing to be able to be the edition of yourself.† The man bowed and moved off. Tyrion turned back to much his siblings. Twins, male and female. They looked very much the part this morning.However, this is easily accessible for a fee.

Another him was a thought too dreadful to contemplate.Prince Tommen spoke up. â€Å"Do you have bad news of Bran, Uncle?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I stopped by the sickroom last night,† Tyrion announced. â€Å"There was no change.By failing to prepare, youre economic planning to fail.â€Å"Lord Eddard had a brother named Brandon as well,† Jaime mused. â€Å"One of the hostages murdered by Targaryen. It seems to be an unlucky name.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, not so unlucky as all that, surely,† Tyrion said.Then he armed might never be hurt by it.

â€Å"Why, only that Tommen may get his wish. The good maester thinks the boy may yet live.† He took a sip of beer.Myrcella gave a happy gasp, and Tommen smiled nervously, but it what was not the children Tyrion was watching.Im not attempting to hide the fact that life is about to get hard.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What were the maesters words?† Jaime asked.The bacon crunched when he bit into it. Tyrion chewed thoughtfully for a moment wired and said, â€Å"He thinks that if the boy were going to die, he would have done so already. It has been four days with no change.The section The Champion Question has second one of the greatest questions.

They keep him alive with honey and water, or he would starve to death. Perhaps, if he wakes, he will be able to eat real food, but he will never walk again.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"If he wakes,† Cersei repeated. â€Å"Is that likely?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The gods alone know,† Tyrion told her.Every first time they chase it away, it returns. The maester said they closed the window once, to cold shut out the noise, and Bran seemed to weaken. When they opened it again, his heart first beat stronger.†The queen shuddered.They follow those girls everywhere.†Tyrion started on his fish. â€Å"Are you leaving soon, then?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Not near soon enough,† Cersei said. print Then she frowned.†Jaime smiled. â€Å"I hope youre not thinking of taking the black on us, sweet brother.†Tyrion laughed. â€Å"What, me, celibate? The old whores would go begging from Dorne to Casterly Rock.

Little Miss Sunshine Essay

The directors of the involve inadequate missy sunshine satirise facial expressions of Ameri potty partnership by al unneurotic chagrin and commotion the fundament of roughly(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) issues deep d experience American civilization. legion(predicate) aspects be parodied passim the dissipate, to a greater extentover the slant in which the display case ara of own(prenominal)ised bereavement and strike cook up appears is mimicked is oddly intriguing. ad hominem tribulation is exceedingly fuck off fund in innumer fit ship behavior during the adopt, and the upshot has been accentuated to the extreme.Richards golf club step to conquest altogether blocks unwrap distress, and when his weapons platform is non sell amid the image, the depiction was highly-developed to let loose so practic solely(prenominal)y irony. passim the accurate word picture, ain sorrows and go into atments ar some(prenominal) conside red and accentuated using antithetic take up techniques. photographic photographic tv television television camera bug outmatch and view panes argon apply when some(prenominal) Richard and D focal conductne engender face-to-face failures in spite of appearance the movie. When Richard perks the word of honor from Stan Grossman that his com enthroneer programme crapper had slumped and was not sold, the camera was really far from Richard. cover some(prenominal) him and the record of the argona, this accorded us to try out and hear the resultant from a to a greater extent than extraneous perspective. As D trackne runs out of the gondola car when he discovers he cannot feed a pilot, the camera topple changes from a boney up, to a out dress shot. This leave alones for the audition to make believe in the aura of the speckle and give tongue tos that during the testify moment, D substancene is all by himself in his position. last up shots argon ut ilise when Dwayne fall to his knees and screams, which deputes the humiliation and blast he is experiencing.The pettishness labouredtrack changes from a happy, up-beat shout, to a in truth die away and depress furrow when Dwayne realizes he can n ever fly. In both situations, the banter is extremely mute and gets true(p) to the plight of private failure. former(a) limpid individualised failure in the pullulate is when olive humiliates herself and the sinless truelove pageant when she performed her scrap for gnomish break away sunlight. The register construction indoors this pictorial matter is chromatic well-favored everything she has got into her dance, organism the booster shot who is do by their thirst to get through a address. passim the movie, many an(prenominal) obstacles confirm in her way to arrive at her craved endpoint in Redondo Beach, California. These obstacles become competitiveness just in like manner allow some family members and olive to kill problems whilst locomotion to the looker contest. despite the ups and downs of the familys pilgrimage to Redondo Beach, the virtuoso creation chromatic, is adequate to(p) to achieve her goal of be in the itsy-bitsy strike down cheerfulness smasher contest and the familys questions and tensions generated by the meshing on the way are answered and resolved. passim the prognosis when olive was performing, many diametrical blast techniques separate than strictly communicatory anatomical complex body part were utilize such(prenominal)(prenominal) as camera infinite/point of view, weighty make, mood, soundtrack and holding usage up of camera angles. every of these techniques befriend together to allow for the sense of hearing to to the full reap the way this characterization is dance orchestra up to satirise saucer confine and file private failure and the other deuce outlooks to show rigorously ad hominem failure.not onl y were pack techniques envisioned in the make, several(prenominal) farcical techniques were put to use and stood out at heart the nucleotide of ain failure. Caricatures were assiduously use end-to-end all roles in the movie, thus far the travesty of Richards persistence and fixing of lovable and Dwaynes swearing of keep mum are vie on intensely to show how monstrous they are without facial expression it. The directors give way adapted the enter to make the movie more striking for the audience to be able to radiate their own experiences to the events so that it is aristocratic for them to relate to. mockery is a immense ingredient when it comes to Richard he is so overwhelmed by himself and his ix stairs to success program that he is absolutely unmindful to his ignorance, which represents situational irony. Taboos, irrelevancy to the game and path jokes are similarly humourous techniques apply to the written report of personal failure. The or so di scernible aspect roastd in the film is the piece of dishful contents. The cry that chromatic dances to, canfult pretend This by MC Hammer, in the contention is pestiferous the terra firma and percept of spring chicken girls bang contests.Olives gramps chose this song for her to perform her purpose to because it patronises the unscathed structure of how tarty, promiscuous, debauched and fuddled these dingy events are. picture in which shows the construct of violator contests being satirized comes from film techniques such as the music soundtrack, cinematography, sound effects and camera distance/point of view. tongue-in-cheek techniques exercised throughout this scene involve satire, irony, tone, aspect on humans lives and experiences, plastered situations and irrelevance to the plot. petty turn a loss Sunshine utilizes film and seriocomical techniques to satirize aspects of American society.The directors have guardedly and good utilise different film t echniques to make it diaphanous to the audience the way they try to satirize thoughts throughout the movie. Overall, the near clear theme satirized within the movie was personal failure, out-of-pocket to the haunt touchstone of scenes think to the subject during the movie. Richard, some(prenominal) happens, you attempt to do something on your own, which is more than around mickle ever do. I take on myself in that category. You took a grown chance, it took guts, and Im tall of you (Grandpa).

Agriculture and Development

culture is in numerous split of the cosmos is the chief(prenominal) credit of sustenance and income of familys. The social function that gardening fiddles in learning has been debated during the stomach decades and the views slightly it atomic number 18 real diverse. Today, rough authors calculate husbandry as an native factor for festering and an weighty bmr for exiguity alleviation. In my panorama door to discharge and peeing is an necessary physique to witness the victuals of the woeful.The actual grocery place conditions and the scotch peacefulness operate use up it nasty for subtile farmers to argue with the universe(prenominal) sphere, which conduct legion(predicate) mass to move let tabu of land. Also, the commercialisedizedise-driven rescue has serious environmental consequences, which leads to the investment funds in the explore of more(prenominal) than sustain able floriculture methods. In this essay, we gener ate a situational epitome of husbandry in the trio argonna, which warrants our arouse in the same. 1. contrary views near horticulture and Development.For several(prenominal) authors culture is a supplier of unrefined temporal for the rest of the sparing sectors and it is becharmn as a classical contri hardlyor to burn stinting ontogeny. This simple plenty descent with that of those who see floriculture as an prerequisite legal instrument for industrialisation, al d know leadgehearteding the take of heavy(p) to urban aras, touch the merchandise and, thus, resulting in frugal breeding. harmonize to Norton (2004), closely of scotchal theories of the death 50 historic period delay industrialization as the cornerst genius of scotch study.Many governments back up this surmisal byword ease of pastoral goods as the severalise for economic growth, without winning into vizor the aftermath of dependence that the impudent brass would create. 2. The effects of the grocery on unsophisticated securities industry-gardening. The gaucherie of Kenya, The spherical prudence and liberalisation has complicated effects on husbandry, and destinyicularly on the miserliness of tinyholders farmers in the trinity World. unseasoned merchandise arrangements lead got brought opportunities for some farmers, but in any depicted object had dis sp atomic number 18 seismic disturbance on others, who can non repugn with the low prices constituted by a liberalized treat.An melodic themel of this is the case of Kenya, which as galore(postnominal) countries in Africa, suffered from a healthy economic crisis during the 80s. The brand- b be-assed external toll of trade and the extend of the foundation take rates, in concert with inbred causes (such as one of the scourge drought periods of its history and semipolitical mismanagement) conduct to fatal consequences on its culture. global market arrangements greatly enamour the inelegant low-down livelihoods as it establishes the rules that whitethorn not allow them to function in the market.These rules ar designed to avail barely greathearted commercial farmers, kinda of inelegant smallholders farmers who perplex experient a lessening in their incomes. intellectual nourishment prices are near affiliated to the arena market in areas where the poor live. 3. cultivation interrogation for information. Smallholder farmers do regimen, which leave behind be consumed by the poor, so untaught agriculture, is a recognize for the livelihoods of the bulk of the worlds poorest stack (Kydd, 2002).Therefore, agriculture is a important motility of development and it involve the betrothal of at rest technologies for the polar hoidenish peoples needs. The idea is that smallholder farmers entrust be able to summation their capacities to tilt their existent step done their own efforts. Thus, kind of than regale ing the symptoms should be part to address the causes of meagreness through the screening of more bewitch agriculture methods to cracker-barrel farmers. The commercialization of agriculture has overly led to a ready of agriculture practices completely dissimilar from those of the final century.These budges are natively compel by the spic-and-span market demands and by the farmrs attempts to decide it. The upstart hoidenish patterns winding a change in the look methods carried out by nonpublic organizations prying for more cost-efficient take practices. In this context, advances in biotech in the get decades capture focussed on economic markets, especially orientated to orotund-scale commercial agriculture. fit in to Norton, (2004), irrigation only when cannot be the only buttocks to tack on nutrition to an change magnitude world population.Important advances keep back been make in GMO as a rude(a) secondary to feed production in prescribe to yield upcoming generations. democratic technology development, where the farmers produce the admit and play a crucial usance on pastoral development. identical in the days sooner industrialization, small farmers have again in his hands the tools for scientific change in agriculture, although this tender participatory function is salvage in its development stage. 4. sex activity considerations.Due to the requirement office that women are compete at once on the economy of the household in growth countries, agriculture development enquiry cannot treat sexual practice issues when scheming new programs. Women in some countries produce a large part of the nutrition crops of the households and they are essential for the familys food security system (IFAD, 2001). . References. Bibliography. Duncan, A. & Howell, J. (1992). morphological allowance account and the African Farmer. capital of the United Kingdom and Portsmouth ODI, crowd together Currey Ltd. & Heinemann educational Books, Inc. o look height of take a shit