Richelieus Great Success :: European Europe History

Richelieu's Great Success Machiavelli, More, and Richelieu all at one point or another occupied a high post in their respective governments: Italy, England, and France; from such a vantage point, or rather in the case of Machiavelli after descending from office, each identified the ills existent in his given state and derived his own remedy for such ills. However, the efforts of Machiavelli and More proved less fruitful in the short run than did Richelieu's; while Richelieu raised the state of France under Louis XIII to a condition of greatness through the elimination of internal strife and discord which had for so long plagued the nation and through the advocacy of increased involvement in the international realm, his two predecessors in their renowned works, The Prince, Discourses on Livy, and Utopia, made a number of espousals concerning certain desirous reforms which would prove extremely influential in the future and throughout the world, but which would fail to be adopted as remedies for the immediate c oncerns which fostered them. Italy, and Florence itself, the birthplace and residence of Niccolo Machiavelli had endured violent political and social upheavals throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. In the 1440's the social balance which had permitted the germination of much of Renaissance thought a few decades prior was already beginning to fall into decay as a result of heavy wartime taxation; Florence had been forced to keep Spanish held Naples and Milan at bay for years and consequently found herself lacking in funds to continue such a defense. The Florentine military was composed primarily of mercenaries who proved both a costly and not necessarily loyal force. The increasing costs incurred by warfare inevitably led to a centralized state led by the Medicis that could more readily generate and amass the necessary revenues; however, the outward trappings of a republican form of government were preserved. The Medici maintained their dominance of the Florentine Republic until1494 when Piero d' Medici was oust ed from office. The ostracization of Piero by his Florentine counterparts was in direct correlation to the invasion and capture of Naples from Spanish control by the French King Charles VIII. In 1494 on route to Naples the French took Pisa, Florence, and Rome without conflict; however, Piero's surrender of Pisa, which left Florence vulnerable, provoked a fierce rebellion in Florence putting an end to Medici rule there for the time being. Despite such unrest the Dominican Friar Girolamo Savonarola who sought to create in Florence a "new Jerusalem" restored the Republic; regardless of his good intentions Savonarola made multitudous enemies, the most dangerous being Pope Alexander VI. Richelieu's Great Success :: European Europe History Richelieu's Great Success Machiavelli, More, and Richelieu all at one point or another occupied a high post in their respective governments: Italy, England, and France; from such a vantage point, or rather in the case of Machiavelli after descending from office, each identified the ills existent in his given state and derived his own remedy for such ills. However, the efforts of Machiavelli and More proved less fruitful in the short run than did Richelieu's; while Richelieu raised the state of France under Louis XIII to a condition of greatness through the elimination of internal strife and discord which had for so long plagued the nation and through the advocacy of increased involvement in the international realm, his two predecessors in their renowned works, The Prince, Discourses on Livy, and Utopia, made a number of espousals concerning certain desirous reforms which would prove extremely influential in the future and throughout the world, but which would fail to be adopted as remedies for the immediate c oncerns which fostered them. Italy, and Florence itself, the birthplace and residence of Niccolo Machiavelli had endured violent political and social upheavals throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. In the 1440's the social balance which had permitted the germination of much of Renaissance thought a few decades prior was already beginning to fall into decay as a result of heavy wartime taxation; Florence had been forced to keep Spanish held Naples and Milan at bay for years and consequently found herself lacking in funds to continue such a defense. The Florentine military was composed primarily of mercenaries who proved both a costly and not necessarily loyal force. The increasing costs incurred by warfare inevitably led to a centralized state led by the Medicis that could more readily generate and amass the necessary revenues; however, the outward trappings of a republican form of government were preserved. The Medici maintained their dominance of the Florentine Republic until1494 when Piero d' Medici was oust ed from office. The ostracization of Piero by his Florentine counterparts was in direct correlation to the invasion and capture of Naples from Spanish control by the French King Charles VIII. In 1494 on route to Naples the French took Pisa, Florence, and Rome without conflict; however, Piero's surrender of Pisa, which left Florence vulnerable, provoked a fierce rebellion in Florence putting an end to Medici rule there for the time being. Despite such unrest the Dominican Friar Girolamo Savonarola who sought to create in Florence a "new Jerusalem" restored the Republic; regardless of his good intentions Savonarola made multitudous enemies, the most dangerous being Pope Alexander VI.

Pychology in Daily life Experiences Essay

Introduction Many people might doubt that how can psychology relate to our life? There come up with the answer to support everybody’s confusion. The psychological research has indicated that the cause of every experience: your physical and mental health, ability to form close relationships endurance, capacity for learning and personal growth.(Richard J.Gerrig & Philip G Zimbardo , 2008)All of these are related to our daily life. Though the psychological theories, we are able to learn ourselves by scientific explanation. Stress -Changes Hans Selye defines stress ass the nonspecific response of the body to any demand on it.;the arousal ,both physical and mental ,to situation or event that we perceive as threatening or challenging. In our daily life, stress might come from the on-set situation or off-set situation.( Hans Selye,2011) For example, even lecturer mentioned the date of exam, when the day is near ,I will feel very stress also. On the other hand, if lecturer sudden announces that we are going to have pop-quiz immediately. With no doubt ,it will be the causes of my stress. As you can see, the root of stress is changes in life. Even the changes are kind of positive things. When I knew I was accepted by UCSI University, at the moment I was very happy. Latter on, all the possible situation come up in my mind. Am I able to adapt the new environment? Am I able to pass all the subjects? We all wish to have smooth life, but these positive or negative changes are the challenges to our life. Sensory adaptation Sensory adaptation is repeated or constant stimulation decreases the number of sensory messages sent to the brain ,which causes decreased sensation.(Living psychology )For example, the things happened at the moment after the PE class,all the students with sweating body go into the class room with air conditioning room.The body odor will full fill with the room gradually. People in the room might not aware of the smell, but when I came in the class room , I complained the uncomfortable smell. After I stayed in the class for a while, my sensory was tired of the odor. Then I won’ complain the smell anymore. Controlled process The controlled process is the mental activities requiring focused attention that generally interferes with other ongoing activities ( Huffan. K,1999.). Whenever I have performed on the stage, I have to concentrate on myself. Pay attention on what is the next step,what is the next posture .There is no time and strictly not allowed to think of other things such as how does audience response and how do judges score. Only until the end of performance I can think f these things. Automatic process Automatic process is activities requiring minimal attention and having little impact on other activites.( Huffan,K ,1999).I have an experience that working at restaurant cashier. The restaurant I worked has a cash machine .The first month of work was terrible. I was so scary to touch the button.It made me frustrated all the time. The amount of money numbers full of my mind .I dare not to count wrongly to company’s property.Whenever I stand in front of cash machine I always sweating. All these thing I got though it after I worked there for eight months. Later on,I was not only can control the cash machine easily but also can talk to the customer in the same time. Gate-control theory The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological â€Å"gate† the blocks pain signals from the brain when flooded by competing signals.(Saul Kassin,1995) Ex. Wearing high heels actually killing me so much, but the pain didn’t bother us during I wear them out to show off my beautiful high heels. Another experience is monthly period. Whenever our â€Å"Best friend â€Å"coming, it is a difficult time for girls. Most of the girls will not to focus on the pain instead of keep thinking the pain. Conclusion To sum up, finding myself by psychology theories is somehow interesting. Just discover the reasons that why is my behavior acting so. Describing by science method is more convictive. After learning the basic psychology, now I start to observe people surrounding in my life. Try to explain their behavior and discuss with my friends. I found myself can tolerant people more than before. I can understand the people whose behavior are not accepted by me .Actually everyone has their different childhood background or genetic reasons. Learning psychology is not only learn the knowledge but also improve our self-development. Reference Richard J.Gerrig & Philip G Zimbardo .(2008).Psychology and life.(8th ed). United State of America.:Pearson Education Hans Selye. (2011). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/533770/Hans-Selye Huffan,K(1999).Living psychology. America .US Palomar College Saul Kasin(1995)Pychology.U.S. William Collage

The Importance Of Endurance In Literature - 1066 Words

As humans, there are many situations that are viewed as difficult or uneasy, but it is how they are dealt with that matters most. Endurance is an ability to endure an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way. Endurance is used as a noun and comes from the Old French word: endurer, meaning continued existence, an ability to last. Without endurance many would not be able to accomplish goals, make new inventions, or survive through a traumatic event. The cattle industry would not have changed for the better if Temple Grandin had given up. If the Little Rock Nine decided to retreat, there would still be segregated schools. And if all soldiers decided they would just give up instead of fighting, there would not be a†¦show more content†¦However, Temple Grandin was able to find ways around these roadblocks, which lead to her improvements of cattle slaughterhouses. She was able to accomplish her goals even with others getting in her way of making them a reali ty. Temple was able to learn that she needed to believe in herself. After she figured that out, she was able to make some positively jurassic changes to the way cattle is raised and killed. The Little Rock Nine also showed great endurance. The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students who were one of the first to attend an all white school in Arkansas, 1957. These students were extremely brave being as though they dealt with abnormal amounts of bullying within their attendance at Little Rock High. Melba Beals, one of these students states, â€Å"I was being pounded on my arms, my back, and my legs†¦ Their blows hurt so much that my desire to stop the pain and survive overpowered the fear that paralyzed me†. Melba showed that she was able to get through a tough situation by recognizing her goal and her willingness to survive. Melba also had another great moment of survival: â€Å"Flaming paper floated down and landed on my hair and my shoulders... I picked up my books and tossed one upward, I had hit my target†. This is another example of endurance becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Course Of Care And Specific Therapeutic Interventions At A 72 Year Old Female With Relapsing Remitting Ms1101 Words   |  5 PagesCoexisting MS can complicate treatment outcomes and symptom reduction by delaying improvement/worsening symptoms because of the progressive nature of the disease (Lubelski, Bashir). When compared to patients with concomitant conditions in the previous literature, the patient in this case study had MS with coexisting patellar subluxations. 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Introduction: Superior anterior-posterior lesions (SLAP) of the labrum is a widespread condition with more than 4000 diagnosed lesions per year.1 As mentioned by Zhang et al1 surgeons are completing more surgeriesRead MoreThe Importance Of The Number Of Physical Therapy Sessions After A Slap Surgery Repair Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing the interval of time off between them, patients might be able to return to the previous level of function faster compared with a standard amount of 3 visits per week. Conclusion: It is possible to increase the range of motion, strength, and endurance with an early rehabilitation process. 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The Oil Spill Of Australia - 2316 Words

One of the most significant ongoing source energy is oil. And the source was became depleted , sources more difficult to access and now being exploited. The oil spill was occurred when the Montara was exploded and uncontrolled continued for 74 days. It estimated 400 barrels of oil lost per day and well was killed on November 3, 2009. The first issues came out relating to the causes of the Macondo well blowout, whether the Australian government can prevent a deep water horizon here. However on 21 August 2009, there was oil blowout occurred and attracted a lot of anxiety and attention. There is oil spill flowed into the Timor Sea and became the worst offshore oil spill of Australia’s history. The commonwealth was tried to look into Montara Blowout and tried to monitor by clean up some oils from the surrounding areas in the sea. Government should introduce effective arrangements to ensure petroleum companies fully pay for all cleanup costs, all cost operational and scientific mo nitoring. Moreover, based on the report under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 they were deficient and there is major gap between the application of environment legislation applying to commonwealth waters. Common goods was the self-interest to provide for the basic human needs of everyone makes the whole community flourish. Based on this case, the oil spill made the impact of the physical and Biological environment including the ecological communitiesShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Water Pollution Around Australia1118 Words   |  5 Pages What are the causes of water pollution around Australia? INTRODUCTION Water is a precious resource for Earth and is vital for our survival. 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The Tale Of The Canterbury Tale - 2212 Words

â€Å"The Canterbury Tale† has very realistic scenarios that many people can relate too, and struggle with everyday of their lives. This tale talks about the lower class characters who have their struggle just like the high end society. Real life scenarios do not always have logical and organized connections. The human brain has been tested but still cannot manage to understand human kind. In â€Å"The Miller’s Tale† there was a friendship that turned into rivalry. This is a problem that comes from many years ago, and continues till today. Friends lose contact for many reason, and even for other people. We let other people affect us, and let other people manipulate the way we think. People tend to see the negative over the positive. It’s not all bad, love has a major role. Love is manifested in man ways not just in relationships but also the love for money. In the Miller’s Tale, Nicholas sleeps with Alisoun, right under John’s nos e. Alisoun is John’s newly wife and is much younger than he is. Life can teach us a lot of lesion throughout life, no matter what era we re in it seems to be the same cycle. The human kind makes mistakes over and over again. We can never take anyone serious if their actions cannot backup what comes put their mouth. Human relationships are not the easiest to maintain, with one thing being said and seeing other wise; having women and love mixed together play a major role. The role of women in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† were as untrustworthy,Show MoreRelatedCanterbury Tales1291 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Test In The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, each character, such as the Pardoner, Wife of Bath, and the Franklin, epitomizes their spirit and reputation through the tales they tell. The Pardoner uses his tale as a gimmick to make money, because he is a greedy man. The way his tale illustrates each sin, every listener can relate to the three brothers and feel their guilt. The Wife of Bath’s Tale expresses her own values in the way the Knight is given a second chance after raping theRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales832 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, the stereotypes and roles in society are reexamined and made new through the characters in the book. Chaucer discusses different stereotypes and separates his characters from the social norm by giving them highly ironic and/or unusual characteristics. Specifically, in the stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale, Chaucer examines stereotypes of women and men and attempts to de fine their basic wants and needs. In the Miller’s Tale, theRead MoreA Comparison Of The Canterbury Tales And A Knights Tale880 Words   |  4 PagesA Knight’s Tale. Helgeland adapted Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† one of the poems that make up the volume The â€Å"Canterbury Tales†. Not many of the characters from the poem made it into the movie. The only characters that are noticeably in A Knight’s Tale are Arcita, Palamon, and Emily. These characters are represented as William, Count Adhemar, and Jocelyn. The movie is very entertaining. Though the movie itself is good, when it is compared to the plot of â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† it deservesRead MoreMoral In The Canterbury Tales1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales have an ultimate lesson at the end, just as every other literary work does. In some of them, he simply states what it is, or some may have to be inferred. During the time, many social and historical events were taking place, and in some instances, Chaucer chose to base the moral around it. While reading The Canterbury Tales, the audience gets entertainment and a basic knowledge of what life what like through the lessons he presents. All of the tales moralsRead MoreChaucers Canterbury Tales741 Words   |  3 Pagesreference to one of The Canterbury Tales discuss, what means Chaucer uses to create the highly individualized (and often comic) characters and how successful is his creation. The Friar from The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer was a master at creating highly individualized characters who are often comic and realistic at the same time and always have good traits as well as bad ones. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate this ability on the example of the Friar from The Canterbury Tales who is one of theRead MoreCanterbury Tales Analysis841 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer gives a detailed description of what life was like in Medieval times . In the â€Å"Prologue†, the reader comes to better understand the people of the time period through the characters words and actions. 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In the tales, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays the problems of the society. For instance, Chaucer uses the monk and the friar in comparison to the parson to show what the ecclesiastical class are doing versus what they are supposed to be doing. In other words, it is to make people be aware of these problems. It can be inferred that the author’s main goal is for this literary work to serve as a message to the people along with changing theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Canterbury Tales 1189 Words   |  5 Pagessuch examples following this concept is The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1478, and Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley 1818. Three characters in The Canterbury Tales (The Wife of Bath, The Pardoner, and The Knight) and The Monster in Frankenstein have developed a talent for successful storytelling, proven by their abilities to engage the audience with their pathos and passion. While storytelling is used differently in The Canterbury Tales (as a method of entertainment) than in FrankensteinRead More Canterbury Tales - Comparison of the Millers Tale and the Knights Tale1638 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of the Millers Tale and the Knights Tale  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   It is common when considering The Canterbury Tales to discuss how some tales seem designed to emphasise the themes of others. Two such tales are the Millers Tale2 and the Knights Tale3. At first glance these two tales seem an incongruous pairing. The Knights Tale is told by an eminent person, is an historical romance which barely escapes a tragic ending, and its themes are universal: the relationship of individuals to providence

Korean Culture vs. Australian Culture Free Essays

Korean and Australian culture seem to have only a few similarities, as Australia is a western country and Korea is an Asian country, and because of the different history, characters of people, and differences In surroundings. However, I am sure that there are a lot of similar features that people in both countries might have overlooked. In this paper, I will focus on finding the similarities and differences tenet Korean and Australian cultures especially In sports, food and humor. We will write a custom essay sample on Korean Culture vs. Australian Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, sport is an example in the side of similarities of the two cultures between Korea and Australia. People In both countries are also extremely enthusiastic sports fans. When they have the Grand Final of the Australian Football competition, thousands of people gather together in the stadium and at public places to watch the game and support their own team. On the other hand, Koreans did not used to watch the games in public spaces or in restaurants before the 2002 World Cup. However, since then, the culture of watching the sports has totally changed. There were huge crowds of people everywhere. Including the public and the street, and they supported the Korean team together. It has become a new trend to get together to support the games of Korean national teams, like in Australia. Second, food, however, falls into the category of cultural difference of two countries. Koreans and Australians have a difference in terms of food. Australian present-day styles of eating are based on their multi-cultural society. Since the post- war immigrants came to Australia, the Australian food has become rich because the immigrants from various European countries brought a wide variety of food – from Italy. Greece and Poland and so mom On the other hand. Korea Is very famous, all over the world, for its unique spicy food. Korea has had success in keeping many kinds of traditional foods alive until today. Many tourists come to Korea because they want to try the food. Normally, Korean foods are also very hot and salty due to lots of different spicy ingredients. Finally, humor Is also In the category of cultural difference between Korea and Australia. The reason is that Australian Humor is very dry. Australians often express their subtle and sarcastic mind through humor. Their humor is also often droll and sometimes black which means they make Jokes that are dark or horrible. Australians often keep a ‘straight face’ when they tell a Joke. Besides, Australians like to laugh at themselves including their character and culture. In contrast to Australians, Koreans normally make Jokes by teasing each other because other people have different mints of view and do not belong to their group. And Korean like ‘slap stick’ comedies, which are also called a ‘sight gag, and ‘physical humor’ that was very banana skin , and so on. It is true that Australia and Korea still have a lot more differences in terms of culture than similarities. Australia and Korea are not close and most people are not acquainted with the other’s culture. But, if we keep an eye on each other’s cultural features, we could have a good opportunity to not only develop our life and culture but also to help develop good relationships between the two countries. How to cite Korean Culture vs. Australian Culture, Papers

bassanio Essay Example For Students

bassanio Essay Why Bassanio Deserves to Win the Casket Testdoes he love her for herself or for the opportunity she offers him torenew his wasted estate? The other main characters are tried byevents; Bassanio only passes a multiple-choice test. Nerissa, making the best of Portias predicament, observes that the right casket will no doubt never be chosen by any rightly but one you shall rightlylove.And as Bassanio hastens to his choice, Portia remarks,If you do love me, you will find me out. We may assume thetests validity as given. But for hostile critics some extratextual evidence ofBassanios worthiness may be necessary. First let us admit thatin the fairy-tale world to which Belmont is often said to belong,the fair ladys fortune is always a given, having no othersignification than a reward for virtue. Let us furtheracknowledge that in the real world of Elizabeth, an impecuniousyoung lord had no choice but to choose his partner from theavailable heiresses. We will entirely miss the point if weapproach this marriage with our post-Romantic notions ofindividual free choice and true love; these are not the ways ofthis world. Among availabe heiresses, Portia is obviously aprecious treasure: high mettled like Brutuss Portia, virtu-ous, beautiful, _and_ rich. Bassanio is no mean catch either:he is a peer of the realm (some thirty times he is LordBassanio, my lord, your lordship, your worship, and yourhonor). But he requires wealth to do justice to his title. MagnificenceAt a time when relationships were everything and moneynothing, Bassanios reckless expenditures, so painful to modernsensibilities, would have been seen as a virtue. He is whatAristotle calls a Great Soul, one who has no attachment toworldly goods, who is fond of conferring benefits on others, forwhom spending money is an art (Magnificence), and who spendsgladly and lavishly, since nice calculation is shabby. _DeOfficiis_ declares that There is nothing more honorable andnoble than to be indifferent to money. For him, money is anon-thing, a drudge for moving goods from one person to another,but never an end in itself. It has no more value than the waterthat carries the merchants cargo, and we should deny no one thewater that flows by.Bassanio is introduced as one who has disabled hisestate/By something showing a more swelling port/Than his faintmeans would grant continuance. In dire financial straits, heexpensively feasts his friends and plans to entertain them with amasque .He undertakes to hold a rival place with Portiasother suitors, both princes, and he therefore brings gifts ofrich value to Belmont.He does not apologize for the noblerate of his expenditures; he trusts his luck. Later on, in another part of _The Merchant_, Jessica echoesBassanios prodigality, when she wastes away her little casket ofgold and jewels at a rate of fourscore ducats a night and tradesher fathers wedding ring for a monkey, just to celebrate hermarriage. And Portia knows precisely what kind of a man she isgetting. Bassanio freely told her, on his first visit toBelmont, that all the wealth he had ran in his veins, thathis state was nothing, but that didnt stop her from issuing asecond invitation. She knows that he is a scholar and asoldier. He has had a good education. His military service isan even better recommendation, for, according to the leadingauthority on the subject, the principal and true profession of aCourtier ought to be in feats of arms. And he is well-connected, too, for he first came to Belmont in the company ofthe Marquis of Montferrat. The Marquisate of Montferratbelonged to the illustrious princely house of Gonzaga. ThreeGonzagas participated in the dialogue of which _The Courtier_consisted, The Lady Elizabeth Gonzaga in the chair. Thus Nerissacan say without reservation, He, of all men that ever my foolisheyes looked upon, was the best deserving a fair lady. On thistopic Cicero quotes Themistocles wishes for his d aughter: Formy part, I prefer a man without money to money without a man.When wealth is subject to fortune, a good man is a better bet. .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .postImageUrl , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:hover , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:visited , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:active { border:0!important; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:active , .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6 .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9da1a4ff32a49063acc9ec04278ad9a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Secret Of The Medicine Men EssayPortia has plenty of money; what she lacks is a man. In truth,if Bassanio passes her fathers test, he is as big a catch forher as she is for him. FortuneTo understand the casket test one must imagine some of theconsequences of a living in a highly entropic world. In thefirst line of the play, Antonio says, I know not why I am sosad. The second scene shifts us to Belmont, and Portia says,By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is a-weary of this greatworld. In the beginning, we find the characters on whom the twomain actions hinge, one in Venice and one in Belmont, in a stateof limbo. Antonio knows only that he is about to play a part,and that a sad one. Portia knows only that she is about to besacrificed to the first man who picks up the right casket. Muchmore than it does today, fortune ruled Shakespeares world. Inthese two scenes Shakespeare gives us existential experience ofwhat its like to be helpless in the hands of forces beyond onescontrol. Recognizing the part played by fortune was once a moralimperative. A basic premise of Stoicism is that Fortune controlseverything but ones body and ones will (Epictetus); by givingup any hope of controlling the future and putting will in chargeof body, one can make the best of the options still open. Ourpremise at the end of the 20th century is the reverse. By takingcharge of Fortuneby engaging in scientific and medicalresearch, passing laws, making studies, forecasting naturaldisasters, averting diseases, installing air bags, takingcourses, and preventing warwe can manage to control thedirection of our lives, keep what we earn, and look forward to afull and rewarding career. This is not reality according to _DeOfficiis_, which cries out,Who fails to comprehend the enormous, two-fold power ofFortune for weal and for woe? When we enjoy her favouringbreeze, we are wafted over to the wished-for haven; when sheblows against us, we are dashed to destruction. Antonio explodes: Now, with Antonios lecture to Shylock firmly in mind we areable to decipher the riddle of the caskets. The first twosuitors lose because they are afraid to lose; like Shylock theytake too many pains to assure success. When one begins to relyon outcomes subject to Fortune, according to Seneca, therefollows a life of anxiety, suspicion, and alarm, a dread ofmishap and worry over the changes time brings. This is thedepth of servitude. The overly cautious approach comes throughbest in Arragons deliberations. Who chooseth me shall get asmuch as he deserves, says the silver casket. True, Arragonbethinks himself, there are those who manage somehow to cheat orcozen fortune and get honor without meriting it. Not my case,he thinks. I shall assume desert, he says, and picks thesilver casket, containing, not Portias picture but that of ablinking idiot. It was a foolish mistake, because by assumingdesert he _does_ try to cozen fortune, to force her hand, doingexactly what he has just finished saying shouldnt be done. Ifshe can be cozened, she isnt fortune. However much honor may be deserved, one cannot earn it, onecannot honor oneself. Arragon asks for as much as he deservesand gets exactly that much. To offend and judge are distinctoffices, observes Portia, tartly. One cant be a judge in hisown cause. The scroll inside the casket confirms her opinion:Seven times tried that judgment is/That never did choose amiss.Justice is arbitrary and unreliable. Thats why, as Portiareminds us later in the courtroom, In the course of justice/Noneof us should see salvation. Dont ever depend on justice. .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .postImageUrl , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:hover , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:visited , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:active { border:0!important; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:active , .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625 .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79fcb8ba1bcf3d75c9aa777114fc2625:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My paper is based on a disability that many Americ EssayMorocco, too, assumes desert, but fixing on the negative side ofArragons argument, that desert is too often unrewarded, chooseswhat looks like a sure thing, the gold casket. Nothing is asgold as gold. The first two suitors try to cozen fortune by decipheringthe clues (the metals and the mottos) on the surface of thecaskets. Portia calls them deliberate fools because they workso hard at destroying themselves. Neither considers the leadcasket; why hazard all for lead? But they worry themselves overthe gold and silver caskets almost as much as Shylock does overthe loan to Antonio. In truth their native hue of resolution/Islike Hamlets sicklied oer by the pale cast of thought.RiskBassanio doesnt agonize over the mottos or the metals. IfPortia hadnt held him back, he would have gone directly to thelead casket. Let me choose, he protests, and later Let me tomy fortune and the caskets. Relishing risk rather than seekingto escape from it, admitting his mortality, realizing that hecannot control fortune, he automatically rejects the security ofthe silver and gold exteriors that seduced his rivals and chooseslead because it threatens. Because he is brave, becausehe does not count his desert s, because he trusts fortune, andbecause he loves Portia, Bassanio is bound to choose the casketmarked, Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath. Tolove is to be ready to do just that.